Causal interaction trees: Finding subgroups with heterogeneous treatment effects in observational data
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Abstract: We propose Causal Interaction Trees for identifying subgroups of participants that have enhanced treatment effects using observational data. We extend the Classification and Regression Tree algorithm by using splitting criteria that focus on maximizing between-group treatment effect heterogeneity based on subgroup-specific treatment effect estimators to dictate decision-making in the algorithm. We derive properties of three subgroup-specific treatment effect estimators that account for the observational nature of the data -- inverse probability weighting, g-formula and doubly robust estimators. We study the performance of the proposed algorithms using simulations and implement the algorithms in an observational study that evaluates the effectiveness of right heart catheterization on critically ill patients.
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Cites work
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- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3860199 (Why is no real title available?)
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- Recursive partitioning for heterogeneous causal effects
- The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects
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Cited in
(19)- Bayesian regression tree models for causal inference: regularization, confounding, and heterogeneous effects (with discussion)
- Distributed identification of heterogeneous treatment effects
- A comparison of five recursive partitioning methods to find person subgroups involved in meaningful treatment-subgroup interactions
- Regularized outcome weighted subgroup identification for differential treatment effects
- Recursive partitioning for heterogeneous causal effects
- Shrinkage Bayesian Causal Forests for Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Estimation
- Causal Rule Sets for Identifying Subgroups with Enhanced Treatment Effects
- Tree-structured analysis of treatment effects with large observational data
- An exploratory data analysis for average treatment effect estimation based on partial balancing and simultaneous inference of regression models
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- Efficient Targeted Learning of Heterogeneous Treatment Effects for Multiple Subgroups
- Subgroup analysis using Bernoulli‐gated hierarchical mixtures of experts models
- Sensitivity analysis using bias functions for studies extending inferences from a randomized trial to a target population
- Subgroup analysis for longitudinal data based on a partial linear varying coefficient model with a change plane
- Modern approaches for evaluating treatment effect heterogeneity from clinical trials and observational data
- Heterogeneous Functional Regression for Subgroup Analysis
- Risk set matched difference-in-differences for the analysis of effect modification in an observational study on the impact of gun violence on health outcomes
- Aggregation trees
- Subgroup causal effect identification and estimation via matching tree
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