The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects

propensity score covariance adjustment stratification matched sampling subclassification standardization treatment effects causal effects discriminant matching direct adjustment nonrandomized study

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Applications of statistics to biology and medical sciences; meta analysis (62P10)

Cited In (only showing first 100 items - show all)

Reducing over-dispersion by generalized degree of freedom and propensity score
Identification of causal effects in the presence of nonignorable missing outcome values
Propensity score model specification for estimation of average treatment effects
Clinician preferences and the estimation of causal treatment differences. (With comments)
Rerandomization and optimal matching
Using the Standardized Difference to Compare the Prevalence of a Binary Variable Between Two Groups in Observational Research
Navigating random forests and related advances in algorithmic modeling
Contrasting evidence within and between institutions that provide treatment in an observational study of alternate forms of anesthesia
Bayesian effect estimation accounting for adjustment uncertainty
Optimal multilevel matching using network flows: an application to a summer reading intervention
Covariate matching methods for testing and quantifying wind turbine upgrades
Maximum-likelihood estimation and presentation for the interaction between treatments in observational studies with a dichotomous outcome
Regression analysis of unmeasured confounding
Generalized optimal matching methods for causal inference
The microeconometric estimation of treatment effects -- an overview
An empirical investigation into the effect of childbearing on economic wellbeing in Europe
Propensity scores: from naïve enthusiasm to intuitive understanding
Evaluating costs with unmeasured confounding: a sensitivity analysis for the treatment effect
Substantial Gains in Bias Reduction from Matching with a Variable Number of Controls
Robust and efficient estimation for the treatment effect in causal inference and missing data problems
Quasi-experimental and experimental approaches to environmental economics
Equivalence between direct and indirect effects with different sets of intermediate variables and covariates
An extended single-index model with missing response at random
Causal measures of the treatment effect captured by candidate surrogate endpoints
Some models and methods for the analysis of observational data
Estimating Mean Response as a Function of Treatment Duration in an Observational Study, Where Duration May Be Informatively Censored
School-track environment or endowment: what determines different other-regarding behavior across peer groups?
Causal inference in case of near‐violation of positivity: comparison of methods
Tailored optimal posttreatment surveillance for cancer recurrence
Consecutive collapsibility of odds ratios over an ordinal background variable
Comparison of covariate balance weighting methods in estimating treatment effects
A Conditional Approach to Measure Mortality Reductions Due to Cancer Screening
Balancing scores for simultaneous comparisons of multiple treatments
Distance functions for matching in small samples
The specification of the propensity score in multilevel observational studies
Variance estimation in inverse probability weighted Cox models
Quintile stratification based on a misspecified propensity score in longitudinal treatment effectiveness analyses of ordinal doses
Marginal integration for nonparametric causal inference
A DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF DIFFUSION OVER A LARGE NETWORK
Semiparametric estimation with generated covariates
Outcome-wide longitudinal designs for causal inference: a new template for empirical studies
A matching estimator of household equivalence scales
A propensity score adjustment for multiple group structural equation modeling
Analyses that Inform Policy Decisions
Discussions
Rejoinder: Bayesian Effect Estimation Accounting for Adjustment Uncertainty
An efficient algorithm to assess multivariate surrogate endpoints in a causal inference framework
Bayesian propensity score analysis for clustered observational data
Doubly robust-type estimation for covariate adjustment in latent variable modeling
Sensitivity analysis for causal inference using inverse probability weighting
Comparison of causal effect estimators under exposure misclassification
Robust machine learning for treatment effects in multilevel observational studies under cluster-level unmeasured confounding
Designs in partially controlled studies: messages from a review
Efficient estimation in a regression model with missing responses
A deep learning semiparametric regression for adjusting complex confounding structures
Semiparametric models and inference for the effect of a treatment when the outcome is nonnegative with clumping at zero
A hybrid generalized propensity score approach for observational studies
Bayesian inference for causal mediation effects using principal stratification with dichotomous mediators and outcomes
Randomization-based test for censored outcomes: a new look at the logrank test
Double robustness without weighting
Practical procedures to deal with common support problems in matching estimation
Causal inference with missingness in confounder
Extremal quantile treatment effects
Does piped water reduce diarrhea for children in rural India?
The intensity-score approach to adjusting for confounding
Evaluating machine learning methods for estimation in online surveys with superpopulation modeling
Efficient inverse probability weighting method for quantile regression with nonignorable missing data
Experimental design issues in big data: the question of bias
Kernel balancing: a flexible non-parametric weighting procedure for estimating causal effects
Adjustments of multi-sample \(U\)-statistics to right censored data and confounding covariates
Estimating effects with rare outcomes and high dimensional covariates: knowledge is power
Empirical likelihood inference for non-randomized pretest-posttest studies with missing data
Make assurance double sure: combination of two disclosure limitation methods and estimation of general regression models
Generating random correlation matrices with fixed values: an application to the evaluation of multivariate surrogate endpoints
Estimating bounds on causal effects in high-dimensional and possibly confounded systems
Measuring and estimating the interaction between exposures on a dichotomous outcome for observational studies
Regularization and confounding in linear regression for treatment effect estimation
Efficient propensity score regression estimators of multivalued treatment effects for the treated
Evaluating treatment effects using data envelopment analysis on matched samples: an analysis of electronic information sharing and firm performance
Estimation of Dirichlet process priors with monotone missing data
Disentangling the effects of multiple treatments -- measuring the net economic impact of the 1995 great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake
Learning causal effect using machine learning with application to China's typhoon
Valid inference for treatment effect parameters under irregular identification and many extreme propensity scores
Performance assessment of upper secondary schools in Italian regions using a circular pseudo-Malmquist index
Adversarial balancing-based representation learning for causal effect inference with observational data
Coarsened Propensity Scores and Hybrid Estimators for Missing Data and Causal Inference
Propensity Score Matching with Time‐Dependent Covariates
Nonparametric identification and estimation of heterogeneous causal effects under conditional independence
Causal inference with observational data under cluster-specific non-ignorable assignment mechanism
Data-driven algorithms for dimension reduction in causal inference
A simple and successful shrinkage method for weighting estimators of treatment effects
Doubly robust treatment effect estimation with missing attributes
Multiple comparisons for survival data with propensity score adjustment
Automated versus do-it-yourself methods for causal inference: lessons learned from a data analysis competition
Accounting for uncertainty in confounder and effect modifier selection when estimating average causal effects in generalized linear models
Semiparametric Bayesian causal inference
High-dimensional confounding adjustment using continuous Spike and Slab priors
Understanding the accumulation of bank and thrift reserves during the U.S. financial crisis
Estimation under mode effects and proxy surveys, accounting for non-ignorable nonresponse
The channels of banks' response to negative interest rates

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