Recovery of a potential on a quantum star graph from Weyl's matrix

DOI10.3934/IPI.2023034MaRDI QIDQ6087987zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Sergei Avdonin, Kira V. Khmelnytskaya, Vladislav V. Kravchenko

Publication date 13 December 2023

Published in Inverse Problems and Imaging (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.15536

inverse problem Neumann series of Bessel functions quantum graph Weyl matrix

Inverse problems involving ordinary differential equations (34A55) Sturm-Liouville theory (34B24) Boundary value problems on graphs and networks for ordinary differential equations (34B45) General spectral theory of ordinary differential operators (34L05)

Abstract: The problem of recovery of a potential on a quantum star graph from Weyl's matrix given at a finite number of points is considered. A method for its approximate solution is proposed. It consists in reducing the problem to a two-spectra inverse Sturm-Liouville problem on each edge with its posterior solution. The overall approach is based on Neumann series of Bessel functions (NSBF) representations for solutions of Sturm-Liouville equations, and, in fact, the solution of the inverse problem on the quantum graph reduces to dealing with the NSBF coefficients. The NSBF representations admit estimates for the series remainders which are independent of the real part of the square root of the spectral parameter. This feature makes them especially useful for solving direct and inverse problems requiring calculation of solutions on large intervals in the spectral parameter. Moreover, the first coefficient of the NSBF representation alone is sufficient for the recovery of the potential. The knowledge of the Weyl matrix at a set of points allows one to calculate a number of the NSBF coefficients at the end point of each edge, which leads to approximation of characteristic functions of two Sturm-Liouville problems and allows one to compute the Dirichlet-Dirichlet and Neumann-Dirichlet spectra on each edge. In turn, for solving this two-spectra inverse Sturm-Liouville problem a system of linear algebraic equations is derived for computing the first NSBF coefficient and hence for recovering the potential. The proposed method leads to an efficient numerical algorithm that is illustrated by a number of numerical tests.

Review text

The paper is concerned with the Sturm-Liouville problem \[ -u(x) + q(x) u(x) = \lambda u(x) \] on the star-shaped graph \(\Omega\) with the standard matching conditions at the internal vertex: \[ u \in C(\Omega), \quad \sum_{j = 1}^M \partial u_j(v) = 0. \] The authors develop a numerical method for the reconstruction of the potential \(q(x)\) on the graph from the values of the Weyl matrix, which is also called the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map, at a finite number of points: \(\mathbf{M}(\lambda_1), \mathbf{M}(\lambda_2), \dots, \mathbf{M}(\lambda_m)\). The approach is based on the Neumann series of Bessel functions for the solutions of the Sturm-Liouville equations on the graph edges. First, by using the given values of the Weyl matrix, the authors construct a system of linear algebraic equations and, by solving it, find the Neumann series coefficients for separate edges. Then, using the obtained coefficients, eigenvalues of two spectra are found for each edge. Finally, the potential \(q_i(x)\) on each edge is recovered from two spectra. The authors provide numerical examples, which illustrate the efficiency of their method.

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