Efficient quantum algorithm for nonlinear reaction-diffusion equations and energy estimation

DOI10.1007/S00220-023-04857-9MaRDI QIDQ6089324zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors

Publication date 17 November 2023

Published in Communications in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.01141

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum computation (81P68) General theory of infinite-dimensional dissipative dynamical systems, nonlinear semigroups, evolution equations (37L05) Theoretical approximation in context of PDEs (35A35) Nonlinear higher-order PDEs (35G20) Numerical approximation of high-dimensional functions; sparse grids (65D40)

Abstract: Nonlinear differential equations exhibit rich phenomena in many fields but are notoriously challenging to solve. Recently, Liu et al. [1] demonstrated the first efficient quantum algorithm for dissipative quadratic differential equations under the condition $R<1$, where $R$ measures the ratio of nonlinearity to dissipation using the $el{l}_2$ norm. Here we develop an efficient quantum algorithm based on [1] for reaction-diffusion equations, a class of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs). To achieve this, we improve upon the Carleman linearization approach introduced in [1] to obtain a faster convergence rate under the condition $R_D<1$, where $R_D$ measures the ratio of nonlinearity to dissipation using the $el{l}_{infty}$ norm. Since $R_D$ is independent of the number of spatial grid points $n$ while $R$ increases with $n$, the criterion $R_D<1$ is significantly milder than $R<1$ for high-dimensional systems and can stay convergent under grid refinement for approximating PDEs. As applications of our quantum algorithm we consider the Fisher-KPP and Allen-Cahn equations, which have interpretations in classical physics. In particular, we show how to estimate the mean square kinetic energy in the solution by postprocessing the quantum state that encodes it to extract derivative information.

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Cited in

(6)

• Quantum simulation for partial differential equations with physical boundary or interface conditions
• Dense outputs from quantum simulations
• An efficient quantum algorithm for simulating polynomial differential equations
• Quantum algorithm for the collisionless Boltzmann equation
• Quantum vs. classical algorithms for solving the heat equation
• An improved hybrid quantum optimization algorithm for solving nonlinear equations

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