The Tjurina number for Sebastiani-Thom type isolated hypersurface singularities
Let \(f\in\mathbb C\{x_0,\ldots,x_n\}=\mathbb C\{\mathbf x\}\) be the germ of a holomorphic function defining an isolated hypersurface singularity, and let \[ J_f:=(\partial f/\partial x_0,\ldots,\partial f/\partial x_n),\quad \tau_f:=\dim_{\mathbb C}(\mathbb C\{\mathbf x \}/(f+J_f)),\quad \mu_f:=\dim_{\mathbb C}(\mathbb C\{\mathbf x\}/J_f) \] be, repectively, the \textit{Jacobian ideal}, the \textit{Tjurina number} and the \textit{Milnor number} of \(f\). Let \(g\in\mathbb C\{y_0,\ldots,y_m\}=\mathbb C\{\mathbf y\}\) be the germ of a holomorphic function defining an isolated hypersurface singularity. The isolated hypersurface singularity defined by \(f+g\in \mathbb C\{\mathbf x;\mathbf y\}\) is called the \textit{join} of the isolated hypersurface singularities defined by \(f\) and \(g\). It is easy to see that \(\mu_{f+g}=\mu_f\cdot\mu_g\). \textit{M. Sebastiani} and \textit{R. Thom}, Invent. Math. 13, 90--96 (1971; Zbl. 0333.5700)] proved that the local monodromy of \(f+g\) is equivalent to the tensor product of the local monodromies of \(f\) and \(g\). Afterwards, results expressing an invariant of \(f+g\) in terms of those of \(f\) and \(g\) are frequently called results of Sebastiani-Thom type. The author proves some such results. In Theorem 1, the author proves a (no so simple) formula expressing \(\tau_{f+g}\) in terms of \(\tau_f\) and \(\tau_g\). A nice consequence is the following estimate: \[ \tau_f\cdot\tau_g\leq \tau_{f+g}\leq \tau_f\cdot\tau_g+(\mu_f-\tau_g)(\mu_g-\tau_f). \] The bounds given here are sharp. Easy consequences: (1) \(f+g\) is quasihomogeneous iff \(f\) and \(g\) are quasihomogeneous iff \(\tau_{f+g}=\mu_f\mu_g\). (2) Necessary and sufficient conditions for the equalities \(\tau_{f+g}=\mu_{f+g}-1\) and \(\tau_{f+g}=\mu_{f+g}-2\). In section 3 the author considers the quotient \(\mu_f/\tau_f\). In Prop.\ 1 he proves, e.\ g.\ , that \(\mu_f/\tau_f<e^{BS}(f)\), \( e^{BS}(f):=\min\{k\in\mathbb N\mid f^k\in J_f\} \) being the Briançon-Skoda exponent of \(f\).
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