Randomized Quasi-Optimal Local Approximation Spaces in Time
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Publication:6097875
Probabilistic models, generic numerical methods in probability and statistics (65C20) Stability and convergence of numerical methods for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs (65M12) Error bounds for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs (65M15) Multigrid methods; domain decomposition for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs (65M55) Finite element, Rayleigh-Ritz and Galerkin methods for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs (65M60) Probabilistic methods, particle methods, etc. for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs (65M75) Numerical methods for partial differential equations, initial value and time-dependent initial-boundary value problems (65Mxx)
Abstract: We target time-dependent partial differential equations (PDEs) with heterogeneous coefficients in space and time. To tackle these problems, we construct reduced basis/ multiscale ansatz functions defined in space that can be combined with time stepping schemes within model order reduction or multiscale methods. To that end, we propose to perform several simulations of the PDE for few time steps in parallel starting at different, randomly drawn start points, prescribing random initial conditions; applying a singular value decomposition to a subset of the so obtained snapshots yields the reduced basis/ multiscale ansatz functions. This facilitates constructing the reduced basis/ multiscale ansatz functions in an embarrassingly parallel manner. In detail, we suggest using a data-dependent probability distribution based on the data functions of the PDE to select the start points. Each local in time simulation of the PDE with random initial conditions approximates a local approximation space in one time point that is optimal in the sense of Kolmogorov. The derivation of these optimal local approximation spaces which are spanned by the left singular vectors of a compact transfer operator that maps arbitrary initial conditions to the solution of the PDE in a later point of time, is one other main contribution of this paper. By solving the PDE locally in time with random initial conditions, we construct local ansatz spaces in time that converge provably at a quasi-optimal rate and allow for local error control. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can outperform existing methods like the proper orthogonal decomposition even in a sequential setting and is well capable of approximating advection-dominated problems.
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