Isotopy classes of involutions of del Pezzo surfaces

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2023.109086MaRDI QIDQ6103487zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Seraphina Eun Bi Lee

Publication date 5 June 2023

Published in Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.10616

zbMATH Keywords

del Pezzo surfaceinvolutionmapping class groupNielsen realization problemplane Cremona group

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

2-dimensional topology (including mapping class groups of surfaces, Teichmüller theory, curve complexes, etc.) (57K20) General topology of 4-manifolds (57K40)

Abstract: Let $$ for $0leqnleq8$ be the underlying smooth manifold of a degree $9-n$ del Pezzo surface. We prove three results about the mapping class group $extMod(M_n):=p{i}_0(ext{Homeo}^{+}(M_n))$: 1. the classification of, and a structure theorem for, all involutions in $extMod(M_n)$, 2. a positive solution to the smooth Nielsen realization problem for involutions of $M_n$, and 3. a purely topological characterization of three remarkable types of involutions on certain $M_n$ coming from birational geometry: de Jonqui'eres involutions, Geiser involutions, and Bertini involutions. One main ingredient is the theory of hyperbolic reflection groups.

Review text

A \textit{del Pezzo surface} is a smooth projective algebraic surface with ample anticanonical divisor class; the smooth 4-manifold underlying a del Pezzo surface is called a \textit{del Pezzo manifold}, diffeomorphic to the connected sum \(M_n=\mathbb{CP}^2 \; \sharp \; n \, \overline {\mathbb{CP}^2}\), \(0 \le n \le 8\) (the blowup of \(\mathbb{CP}^2\) at a finite set of \(n\) points), or to \(\mathbb{CP}^1 \times \mathbb{CP}^1\). ``In this paper, we relate a property (which we call \textit{irreducibility}) of elements of the mapping class group \(\mathrm{Mod}(M) = \pi_0(\mathrm{Homeo}^+(M))\) for all del Pezzo manifolds \(M\) to the classification of conjugacy classes of order 2 elements of the group of birational automorphisms of \(\mathbb{CP}^2\). In doing so, we realize all order 2 mapping classes of del Pezzo manifolds by order 2 diffeomorphisms coming from a construction that we call \textit{complex equivariant connected sums}. In particular, this gives an affirmative solution of the smooth Nielsen realization problem for involutions of del Pezzo manifolds, in contrast to the situation for some other 4-manifolds, for example for K3 surfaces where not all order 2 mapping classes can be smoothly realized by invoutions (or even by finite order diffeomorphism (Dehn twists about \((-2)\)-spheres), see a recent paper by \textit{B. Farb} and \textit{E. Looijenga} [``The Nielsen realization problem for K3 surfaces, Preprint, \url{arXiv:2104.08187}, to appear in J. Differ. Geom.]. The author gives also a purely topological characterization of three types of involutions of certain \(M_n\) coming from birational geometry: ``de Jongquiéres, Geiser and Bertini involutions.

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Cited in

(5)

• On a class of isotopy invariants
• The Nielsen realization problem for high degree del Pezzo surfaces
• Dehn twists and the Nielsen realization problem for spin 4-manifolds
• A smooth Birman-Hilden theory for hyper-Kähler manifolds
• Nielsen realization for sphere twists on 3-manifolds

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