Supersingular elliptic curves over Z_p-extensions
Let \(E_{/\mathbb{Q}}\) be an elliptic curve with supersingular reduction at some prime \(p\geqslant 5\). Let \(L/\mathbb{Q}_p\) be a quadratic extension, and let \(L_\infty\) be the anticyclotomic \(\mathbb{Z}_p\)-extension of \(L\), with layers \(L_n\) and associated Iwasawa algebra \(\Lambda:=\mathbb{Z}_p[[\mathrm{Gal}(L_\infty/L)]]\). \textit{S. Kobayashi} in [Invent. Math. 152, No. 1, 1--36 (2003; Zbl 1047.11105)] defined two subgroups \(E^+(L_n)\) and \(E^-(L_n)\) of the \(L_n\)-rational points of \(E\), which has been shown to verify \[ E(L_n)=E^+(L_n)+E^-(L_n) \ \text{ and }\ E^+(L_n)\bigcap E^-(L_n)=E(L) \] when \(L/\mathbb{Q}_p\) is unramified (and other different relevant arithmetic settings). The paper deals with the limits \(\displaystyle{\lim_{\longrightarrow} E^\pm (L_n)}\) seen as \(\Lambda\)-submodules of \(H^1(L_\infty,E[p^\infty])\), and shows that \[ \textrm{corank}_\Lambda \left(\left(\lim_{\longrightarrow} E^+ (L_n)\otimes \mathbb{Q}_p/\mathbb{Z}_p\right)\bigcap \left(\lim_{\longrightarrow} E^- (L_n)\otimes \mathbb{Q}_p/\mathbb{Z}_p\right)\right) =0 . \] This statement is weaker than the corresponding one arising from the equality \(E^+(L_n)\bigcap E^-(L_n)=E(L)\), but, at present, has the advantage of holding for all quadratic extensions \(L/\mathbb{Q}_p\). Indeed, using this result, comparing Heegner points in anticyclotomic \(\mathbb{Z}_p\)-extensions of two different quadratic imaginary extensions \(K\) and \(K'\) of \(\mathbb{Q}\), both localizing at \(L/\mathbb{Q}_p\), and using bounds on local units, the author proves that \[ \textrm{corank}_\Lambda \, \lim_{\longrightarrow} E^\pm (L_n)\otimes \mathbb{Q}_p/\mathbb{Z}_p =2 . \] This allows the author to generalize a result of \textit{M. Ciperiani} [Compos. Math. 145, No. 2, 293--308 (2009; Zbl 1257.11055)], thus showing that, for \(E\) and \(p\) as above, \(K/\mathbb{Q}\) a quadratic imaginary field (satisfying the Heegner hypothesis), and \(K_\infty\) the anticyclotomic \(\mathbb{Z}_p\)-extension of \(K\), \(\textrm{corank}_\Lambda \,E(K_\infty)\otimes \mathbb{Q}_p/\mathbb{Z}_p =2\) and the Tate-Shafarevich group is \(\Lambda\)-cotorsion.
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