The persistence of degenerate lower-dimensional tori in reversible systems with a degenerate normal equilibrium point
The authors investigate the persistence of degenerate low-dimensional tori in reversible systems with a degenerate normal equilibrium point (of either hyperbolic or elliptic type). This paper has two antecedents that deal with related systems, namely [\textit{X. Wang} et al., J. Math. Anal. Appl. 387, No. 2, 776--790 (2012; Zbl 1260.37029); Ergodic Theory Dyn. Syst. 35, No. 7, 2311--2333 (2015; Zbl 1351.37231)]. Here the authors look at the reversible system defined by \(\dot{x} = \omega_0 + (y_1^{2n_0 + 1}, ... , y_n^{2n_0+1})^T + P^1(x,y,u,v)\), \(\dot{y} = P^2(x,y,u,v)\), \(\dot{u} = y_m^{2n_1 - 1} + v^{2n_2} + P^3(x,y,u,v)\) and \(\dot{v} = u + P^4(x,y,u,v)\) where \((x,y,u,v) \in \mathbb{T}^n \times \mathbb{R}^m \times \mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{R}\), with \(m > n+1\), and \(y = (y_1, y_2, \dots, y_m) \in \mathbb{R}^m\). Also \(n_1, n_2\) and \(n_3\) are positive integers with \(n_2 \geq n_1\) , and \(P^1, P^2, P^3, P^4\) are small perturbations. The authors' main result is that, when the perturbation terms \(P^1, P^2, P^3\) and \(P^4\) are real analytic functions in \((x,y,u,v)\) uniformly bounded in a certain subset of the origin by a constant \(\epsilon > 0\), and \(\omega_0\) satisfies a Diophantine condition, then the reversible system has an invariant \(n\)-torus with \(\omega_0\) as its frequency. This is the torus that persists under perturbation. The proof proceeds by introducing some external parameters, invoking Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser iteration, and then employing the inverse function theorem.
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