Oscillation numbers for continuous Lagrangian paths and Maslov index

DOI10.1007/S10884-022-10140-7MaRDI QIDQ6132891zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Julia Elyseeva, Peter Šepitka, Roman Šimon Hilscher

Publication date 17 August 2023

Published in Journal of Dynamics and Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.01928

zbMATH Keywords

comparative indexLagrangian pathLidskii angleMaslov indexoscillation numbersymplectic matrix

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Analytic theory of partitions (11P82) Oscillation theory, zeros, disconjugacy and comparison theory for ordinary differential equations (34C10) Periodic, homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems (37J46) Action-minimizing orbits and measures for finite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems; variational principles; degree-theoretic methods (37J51) Lagrangian submanifolds; Maslov index (53D12)

Abstract: In this paper we present the theory of oscillation numbers and dual oscillation numbers for continuous Lagrangian paths in $mathbb{R}^{2n}$. Our main results include a connection of the oscillation numbers of the given Lagrangian path with the Lidskii angles of a special symplectic orthogonal matrix. We also present Sturmian type comparison and separation theorems for the difference of the oscillation numbers of two continuous Lagrangian paths. These results, as well as the definition of the oscillation number itself, are based on the comparative index theory (Elyseeva, 2009). The applications of these results are directed to the theory of Maslov index of two continuous Lagrangian paths. We derive a formula for the Maslov index via the Lidskii angles of a special symplectic orthogonal matrix, and hence we express the Maslov index as the oscillation number of a certain transformed Lagrangian path. The results and methods are based on a generalization of the recently introduced oscillation numbers and dual oscillation numbers for conjoined bases of linear Hamiltonian systems (Elyseeva, 2019 and 2020) and on the connection between the comparative index and Lidskii angles of symplectic matrices (v{S}epitka and v{S}imon Hilscher, 2020).

Review text

The main purpose of this paper is to study the oscillation number \(N (Y, [a, b])\) and the dual oscillation number \(N^*(Y,[a, b])\) for a continuous Lagrangian path \(Y\) on an interval \([a, b]\). Let us recall that a Lagrangian path is a mapping \(Y : [a, b]\to \mathbb{R}^{2n\times n}\) such that \[ Y^T(t)\mathcal{J}Y(t)=0 , \qquad \operatorname{rank} Y(t)=n,\qquad t\in[a,b], \] where \(\mathcal{J} \in {\mathbb R}^{2n\times 2n}\) is the canonical skew-symmetric matrix. These numbers are a generalization of notions introduced by the first author in [Appl. Math. Lett. 90, 15--22 (2019; Zbl 1406.37046); Appl. Math. Lett. 103, Article ID 106173, 8 p. (2020; Zbl 1447.34035); Monatsh. Math. 193, No. 2, 305--328 (2020; Zbl 1448.37062); J. Difference Equ. Appl. 26, No. 4, 458--487 (2020; Zbl 1458.39004)]. Originally they were based on a partition of the interval \([a,b]\) and the generalization consists in the use of nonconstant symplectic matrices in the partition. The main goal of this paper is to connect the oscillation numbers with the Maslov index. Indeed, the authors obtain a formula for the Maslov index of two continuous Lagrangian paths via the Lidskii angles of a special symplectic orthogonal matrix; this allows the authors to express the Maslov index as the oscillation number of a certain transformed Lagrangian path.

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Cited in

(8)

• Solutions with prescribed numbers of focal points of nonoscillatory linear Hamiltonian systems
• Generalized focal points and local Sturmian theory for linear Hamiltonian systems
• Contributions to generalized oscillation theory of linear Hamiltonian systems
• Oscillation theory on hybrid time domains: local oscillation properties
• Oscillation theorems for linear Hamiltonian systems with nonlinear dependence on the spectral parameter and separated boundary conditions
• Minimal period problem for symmetric periodic solutions of distributed delay differential systems
• Oscillation theory on hybrid time domains: global oscillation properties
• Renormalized oscillation theory for singular linear Hamiltonian pencils

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