Random walks on the circle and Diophantine approximation

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Publication:6134888




Abstract: Random walks on the circle group mathbbR/mathbbZ whose elementary steps are lattice variables with span alphaotinmathbbQ or p/qinmathbbQ taken mod mathbbZ exhibit delicate behavior. In the rational case we have a random walk on the finite cyclic subgroup mathbbZq, and the central limit theorem and the law of the iterated logarithm follow from classical results on finite state space Markov chains. In this paper we extend these results to random walks with irrational span alpha, and explicitly describe the transition of these Markov chains from finite to general state space as p/qoalpha along the sequence of best rational approximations. We also consider the rate of weak convergence to the stationary distribution in the Kolmogorov metric, and in the rational case observe a surprising transition from polynomial to exponential decay after approxq2 steps; this seems to be a new phenomenon in the theory of random walks on compact groups. In contrast, the rate of weak convergence to the stationary distribution in the total variation metric is purely exponential.



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