On the phases of a semi-sectorial matrix and the essential phase of a Laplacian

DOI10.1016/J.LAA.2023.07.014MaRDI QIDQ6138087zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Dan Wang, Xin Mao, Wei Chen, Li Qiu

Publication date 5 September 2023

Published in Linear Algebra and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.07607

zbMATH Keywords

phaseLaplacianmajorizationessential phasematrix small phase theoremsemi-sectorial matrix

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Graphs and linear algebra (matrices, eigenvalues, etc.) (05C50) Hermitian, skew-Hermitian, and related matrices (15B57) Theory of matrix inversion and generalized inverses (15A09) Positive matrices and their generalizations; cones of matrices (15B48) Norms of matrices, numerical range, applications of functional analysis to matrix theory (15A60) Numerical range, numerical radius (47A12)

Abstract: In this paper, we extend the definition of phases of sectorial matrices to those of semi-sectorial matrices, which are possibly singular. Properties of the phases are also extended, including those of the Moore-Penrose generalized inverse, compressions and Schur complements, matrix sums and products. In particular, a majorization relation is established between the phases of the nonzero eigenvalues of $AB$ and the phases of the compressions of $A$ and $B$, which leads to a generalized matrix small phase theorem. For the matrices which are not necessarily semi-sectorial, we define their (largest and smallest) essential phases via diagonal similarity transformation. An explicit expression for the essential phases of a Laplacian matrix of a directed graph is obtained.

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Cited in

(3)

• A phase theory of multi-input multi-output linear time-invariant systems
• The generalized sectorial decompositions of semi-sectorial operators
• Synchronization of diverse agents via phase analysis

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