Products and commutators of martingales in H₁ and BMO

DOI10.1016/J.MATPUR.2023.10.001arXiv2301.09392MaRDI QIDQ6139823FDOQ6139823

Dachun Yang, Yong Jiao, Dejian Zhou, Guangheng Xie, Aline Bonami

Publication date: 19 December 2023

Published in: Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées. Neuvième Série (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Let $f:=(f_n{)}_{ninmathbb{Z}_{+}}$ and $g:=(g_n{)}_{ninmathbb{Z}_{+}}$ be two martingales related to the probability space $(Omega,mathcalF,mathbbP)$ equipped with the filtration $(mathcal{F}_n{)}_{ninmathbb{Z}_{+}}.$ Assume that $f$ is in the martingale Hardy space $H_1$ and $g$ is in its dual space, namely the martingale $mBMO.$ Then the semi-martingale $fcdotg:=(f_n{g}_n{)}_{ninmathbb{Z}_{+}}$ may be written as the sum ${\displaystyle }$fcdot g=G(f, g)+L( f,g).${\displaystyle }$ Here $L(f,g):=(L(f,g{)}_n{)}_{ninmathbb{Z}_{+}}$ with $L(f,g{)}_n:=su{m}_{k=0}^n(f_k-f_{k-1})(g_k-g_{k-1)})$ for any $ninmathbb{Z}_{+}$, where $f_{-1}:=0=:g_{-1}$. The authors prove that $L(f,g)$ is a process with bounded variation and limit in $L^1,$ while $G(f,g)$ belongs to the martingale Hardy-Orlicz space $H_{log}$ associated with the Orlicz function ${\displaystyle }$Phi(t):=frac{t}{log(e+t)},quad forall, tin[0,infty).${\displaystyle }$ The above bilinear decomposition $L^1+H_{log}$ is sharp in the sense that, for particular martingales, the space $L^1+H_{log}$ cannot be replaced by a smaller space having a larger dual. As an application, the authors characterize the largest subspace of $H_1$, denoted by $H_1^b$ with $binmBMO$, such that the commutators $[T,b]$ with classical sublinear operators $T$ are bounded from $H_1^b$ to $L^1$. This endpoint boundedness of commutators allow the authors to give more applications. On the one hand, in the martingale setting, the authors obtain the endpoint estimates of commutators for both martingale transforms and martingale fractional integrals. On the other hand, in harmonic analysis, the authors establish the endpoint estimates of commutators both for the dyadic Hilbert transform beyond doubling measures and for the maximal operator of Ces`{a}ro means of Walsh--Fourier series.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2301.09392

zbMATH Keywords

commutatormartingale Hardy spacebilinear decompositionmartingale BMO

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Martingales with discrete parameter (60G42) Maximal functions, Littlewood-Paley theory (42B25) (H^p)-spaces (42B30) Commutators, derivations, elementary operators, etc. (47B47) Martingales and classical analysis (60G46)

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