Prime divisors of -Genocchi numbers and the ubiquity of Ramanujan-style congruences of level

DOI10.1016/J.JNT.2023.04.003MaRDI QIDQ6156550zbMATHOpenAlexFDO

Authors Pieter Moree, Pietro Sgobba

Publication date 13 June 2023

Published in Journal of Number Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.08047

zbMATH Keywords

Ramanujan-type congruencesArtin's primitive root conjecture\( \ell \)-Genocchi numbers\( \ell \)-regularity

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Congruences; primitive roots; residue systems (11A07) Bernoulli and Euler numbers and polynomials (11B68) Congruences for modular and (p)-adic modular forms (11F33)

Abstract: Let $ell$ be any fixed prime number. We define the $ell$-Genocchi numbers by $G_n:=ell(1-el{l}^n)B_n$, with $B_n$ the $n$-th Bernoulli number. They are integers. We introduce and study a variant of Kummer's notion of regularity of primes. We say that an odd prime $p$ is $ell$-Genocchi irregular if it divides at least one of the $ell$-Genocchi numbers $G_2,G_4,ldots,G_{p-3}$, and $ell$-regular otherwise. With the help of techniques used in the study of Artin's primitive root conjecture, we give asymptotic estimates for the number of $ell$-Genocchi irregular primes in a prescribed arithmetic progression in case $ell$ is odd. The case $ell=2$ was already dealt with by Hu, Kim, Moree and Sha (2019). Using similar methods we study the prime factors of $(1-el{l}^n)B_{2n}/2n$ and $(1+el{l}^n)B_{2n}/2n$. This allows us to estimate the number of primes $pleqx$ for which there exist modulo $p$ Ramanujan-style congruences between the Fourier coefficients of an Eisenstein series and some cusp form of prime level $ell$.

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Cited in

(3)

• Irregular primes with respect to Genocchi numbers and Artin's primitive root conjecture
• On \(n\)th order Euler polynomials of degree \(n\) that are Eisenstein
• Ramanujan-style congruences for prime level

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