Quantum circuit dynamics via path integrals: Is there a classical action for discrete-time paths?

DOI10.1088/1367-2630/AA61BAzbMATH Open1516.81057arXiv1604.07452OpenAlexW3105127383MaRDI QIDQ6156859FDOQ6156859

Authors: Dax Enshan Koh, Robert W. Spekkens 

Publication date: 19 June 2023

Published in: New Journal of Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: It is straightforward to give a sum-over-paths expression for the transition amplitudes of a quantum circuit as long as the gates in the circuit are balanced, where to be balanced is to have all nonzero transition amplitudes of equal magnitude. Here we consider the question of whether, for such circuits, the relative phases of different discrete-time paths through the configuration space can be defined in terms of a classical action, as they are for continuous-time paths. We show how to do so for certain kinds of quantum circuits, namely, Clifford circuits where the elementary systems are continuous-variable systems or discrete systems of odd-prime dimension. These types of circuit are distinguished by having phase-space representations that serve to define their classical counterparts. For discrete systems, the phase-space coordinates are also discrete variables. We show that for each gate in the generating set, one can associate a symplectomorphism on the phase-space and to each of these one can associate a generating function, defined on two copies of the configuration space. For discrete systems, the latter association is achieved using tools from algebraic geometry. Finally, we show that if the action functional for a discrete-time path through a sequence of gates is defined using the sum of the corresponding generating functions, then it yields the correct relative phases for the path-sum expression. These results are likely to be relevant for quantizing physical theories where time is fundamentally discrete, characterizing the classical limit of discrete-time quantum dynamics, and proving complexity results for quantum circuits.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1604.07452

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Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum computation (81P68) General and philosophical questions in quantum theory (81P05) Quantum measurement theory, state operations, state preparations (81P15) Path integrals in quantum mechanics (81S40) Quantum gates (81P65)

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Cited In (2)

• Classical simulation of quantum circuits by half Gauss sums
• Non-Markovian quantum control as coherent stochastic trajectories

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