On groups of hypersubstitutions

DOI10.1007/S00012-010-0087-YMaRDI QIDQ616120zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 7 January 2011

Published in Algebra Universalis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s00012-010-0087-y

Catalan loop hyperquasigroup hypersubstitution lattice loop transversal one-way function quasigroup

Operations and polynomials in algebraic structures, primal algebras (08A40) Finite automorphism groups of algebraic, geometric, or combinatorial structures (20B25) Representation of semigroups; actions of semigroups on sets (20M30) Loops, quasigroups (20N05)

Review text

Let \(\tau : \Omega \to \mathbb{N}\) be a finitary type, where \(\Omega\) is a set of symbols of algebraic operations and \(\tau (\omega )\) is the arity of the \(\omega\). Let \(P\) denote the ordered set of positive integers and \(P\Omega \) denote the set of \(\Omega\)-words over \(P\). The so-called derived type \(\tau': P\Omega \to \mathbb{N}\) was defined in [\textit{J. D. H. Smith} and \textit{A. B. Romanowska}, Post-modern algebra. New York, NY: Wiley (1999; Zbl 0946.00001), \S IV 1.3]. A hypersubstitution of type \(\tau \) is a morphism \(\sigma : \tau \to \tau '\) in the slice category \(\text{Set}/N\), that is, a function \(\sigma : \Omega \to P\Omega \) such that \(\tau ' \circ \sigma =\tau\). Each hypersubstitution \(\sigma : \Omega \to P\Omega \) extends to a corresponding function \(\hat{\sigma} : P\Omega \to P\Omega \). Let \(\mathcal V\) be a variety of algebras of type \(\tau\). A hypersubstitutions \(\sigma\) is called (\(\mathcal V\)-)proper if \(\hat{\sigma} (u)=\hat{\sigma} (v) \) for every identity \(u=v\) of \(\mathcal V\). In the paper under review, the proper hypersubstitutions of a variety \(\mathcal V\) of the kind \(\sigma : \Omega \to \Omega \) are considered. If hypersubstitution \(\sigma : \Omega \to \Omega \) is invertible and (\(\mathcal V \)-)proper, it is called a \(\mathcal V\)-hyperequivalence. In particular, it is proved that every monoid may be realized as a monoid of hypersubstitutions and every automorphism group of a monoid is isomorphic to the \(\mathcal V\)-hyperequivalence group of some variety \(\mathcal V\). Since groups of hyperequivalences can be regarded as symmetries of algebraic theories, the author takes an interest in the phenomenon of symmetry-breaking. He considers lattice theory and quasigroup theory from this point of view.

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