A dynamical classification of the range of pair interactions

DOI10.1007/S10955-010-0090-XMaRDI QIDQ616249zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Sumit K. Garg

Publication date 7 January 2011

Published in Journal of Statistical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1003.5680

zbMATH Keywords

clustering dynamicslong range interactionsthermodynamic limit

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Statistical thermodynamics (82B30) Interacting particle systems in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C22)

Abstract: We formalize a classification of pair interactions based on the convergence properties of the {it forces} acting on particles as a function of system size. We do so by considering the behavior of the probability distribution function (PDF) P(F) of the force field F in a particle distribution in the limit that the size of the system is taken to infinity at constant particle density, i.e., in the "usual" thermodynamic limit. For a pair interaction potential V(r) with V(r) ightarrow infty) sim 1/r^a defining a {it bounded} pair force, we show that P(F) converges continuously to a well-defined and rapidly decreasing PDF if and only if the {it pair force} is absolutely integrable, i.e., for a > d-1, where d is the spatial dimension. We refer to this case as {it dynamically short-range}, because the dominant contribution to the force on a typical particle in this limit arises from particles in a finite neighborhood around it. For the {it dynamically long-range} case, i.e., a leq d-1, on the other hand, the dominant contribution to the force comes from the mean field due to the bulk, which becomes undefined in this limit. We discuss also how, for a leq d-1 (and notably, for the case of gravity, a=d-2) P(F) may, in some cases, be defined in a weaker sense. This involves a regularization of the force summation which is generalization of the procedure employed to define gravitational forces in an infinite static homogeneous universe. We explain that the relevant classification in this context is, however, that which divides pair forces with a > d-2 (or a < d-2), for which the PDF of the {it difference in forces} is defined (or not defined) in the infinite system limit, without any regularization. In the former case dynamics can, as for the (marginal) case of gravity, be defined consistently in an infinite uniform system.

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Cited in

(1)

• Nonequilibrium statistical mechanics of systems with long-range interactions

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