Discrete breathers of nonlinear dimer lattices: bridging the anti-continuous and continuous limits

Ordinary lattice differential equations (34A33) Nonlinear oscillations and coupled oscillators for ordinary differential equations (34C15) Periodic solutions to ordinary differential equations (34C25) Perturbations, asymptotics of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34E10)

Abstract: In this work, we study the dynamics of an infinite array of nonlinear dimer oscillators which are linearly coupled as in the classical model of Su, Schrieffer and Heeger (SSH). The ratio of in-cell and out-of-cell couplings of the SSH model defines distinct

e x t i t p h a s e s

: topologically trivial and topologically non-trivial. We first consider the case of weak out-of-cell coupling, corresponding to the topologically trivial regime for linear SSH; for any prescribed isolated dimer frequency,

o m e g a_{b}

, which satisfies non-resonance and non-degeneracy assumptions, we prove that there are discrete breather solutions for sufficiently small values of the out-of-cell coupling parameter. These states are

2 p i / o m e g a_{b}

- periodic in time and exponentially localized in space. We then study the global continuation with respect to this coupling parameter. We first consider the case where

o m e g a_{b}

, the seeding discrete breather frequency, is in the (coupling dependent) phonon gap of the underlying linear infinite array. As the coupling is increased, the phonon gap decreases in width and tends to a point (at which the topological transition for linear SSH occurs). In this limit, the spatial scale of the discrete breather grows and its amplitude decreases, indicating the weakly nonlinear long wave regime. Asymptotic analysis shows that in this regime the discrete breather envelope is determined by a vector gap soliton of the limiting envelope equations. We use the envelope theory to describe discrete breathers for SSH- coupling parameters corresponding to topologically trivial and, by exploiting an emergent symmetry, topologically nontrivial regimes, when the spectral gap is small. Our asymptotic theory shows excellent agreement with extensive numerical simulations over a wide range of parameters.

Review text

This article studies the asymptotic theory and numerical simulations of infinite array of nonlinear dimer oscillators which are linearly coupled as in the classical model of Su, Schrieffer and Heeger (SSH), where the ratio of in-cell and out-of-cell couplings of the SSH model defines distinct phases. The authors obtain two main results. The first one is the existence of discrete breather solutions for sufficiently small values of the out-of-cell coupling parameter, for the case of weak out-of-cell coupling with any prescribed isolated dimer frequency \(\omega_b\) satisfying non-resonance and non-degeneracy assumptions, with states being \(\frac{2\pi}{\omega_b}\)-periodic in time and exponentially localized in space. The second one is the global continuation with respect to this coupling parameter. They first consider the case where the seeding discrete breather frequency \(\omega_b\) is in the phonon gap of the underlying linear infinite array, and where the phonon gap decreases in width and tends to a point due to the coupling is increased. In this limit, the spatial scale of the discrete breather grows and its amplitude decreases, which indicates the weakly nonlinear long-wave regime. Then they show that in this regime the discrete breather envelope is determined by a vector gap soliton of the limiting envelope equations via asymptotic analysis. Afterwards, they use the envelope theory to describe discrete breathers for SSH-coupling parameters corresponding to topologically trivial and, by exploiting an emergent symmetry, topologically nontrivial regimes, when the spectral gap is small. Their asymptotic theory indicates excellent agreement with extensive numerical simulations over a wide range of parameters. Analogous asymptotic and numerical results are obtained for the continuations from the anti-continuous regime for frequencies \(\omega_b\) below the acoustic or above the optical phonon bands.

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