The Witten index for one-dimensional split-step quantum walks under the non-Fredholm condition

DOI10.1142/S0129055X23500101MaRDI QIDQ6169319zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Yasumichi Matsuzawa, Akito Suzuki, Yohei Tanaka, Noriaki Teranishi, Kazuyuki Wada

Publication date 14 August 2023

Published in Reviews in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.04108

zbMATH Keywords

chiral symmetryquantum walkspectral shift functionWitten index

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

(Semi-) Fredholm operators; index theories (47A53) Linear difference operators (47B39) Quantum mechanics on special spaces: manifolds, fractals, graphs, lattices (81Q35) Supersymmetry and quantum mechanics (81Q60)

Abstract: It is recently shown that a split-step quantum walk possesses a chiral symmetry, and that a certain well-defined index can be naturally assigned to it. The index is a well-defined Fredholm index if and only if the associated unitary time-evolution operator has spectral gaps at both $+1$ and $-1.$ In this paper we extend the existing index formula for the Fredholm case to encompass the non-Fredholm case (i.e., gapless case). We make use of a natural extension of the Fredholm index to the non-Fredholm case, known as the Witten index. The aim of this paper is to fully classify the Witten index of the split-step quantum walk by employing the spectral shift function for a rank one perturbation of a fourth order difference operator. It is also shown in this paper that the Witten index can take half-integer values in the non-Fredholm case.

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Cited in

(6)

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• The Witten index for 1D supersymmetric quantum walks with anisotropic coins
• An index theorem for split-step quantum walks
• An index theorem for one-dimensional gapless non-unitary quantum walks
• Index theory of chiral unitaries and split-step quantum walks
• A generalized winding number formula for the Witten index of a Toeplitz operator

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