Asymptotic degree of random monomial ideals

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Abstract: One of the fundamental invariants connecting algebra and geometry is the degree of an ideal. In this paper we derive the probabilistic behavior of degree with respect to the versatile ErdH{o}s-R'enyi-type model for random monomial ideals defined in cite{rmi}. We study the staircase structure associated to a monomial ideal, and show that in the random case the shape of the staircase diagram is approximately hyperbolic, and this behavior is robust across several random models. Since the discrete volume under this staircase is related to the summatory higher-order divisor function studied in number theory, we use this connection and our control over the shape of the staircase diagram to derive the asymptotic degree of a random monomial ideal. Another way to compute the degree of a monomial ideal is with a standard pair decomposition. This paper derives bounds on the number of standard pairs of a random monomial ideal indexed by any subset of the ring variables. The standard pairs indexed by maximal subsets give a count of degree, as well as being a more nuanced invariant of the random monomial ideal.


In this paper, the authors study the asymptotic degree of Erdős-Rényi-type random monomial ideals. Let \(D\) be a positive integer and \(p\in (0,1)\). A monomial ideal \(\mathfrak I\) in the polynomial ring \(R=\mathbb K[x_1,\ldots,x_n]\) is called a random monomial ideal if it is obtained by randomly selecting its generators independently, with probability \(p\) each, from the set of all monomials in R of positive degree no more than D. The resulting distribution on generating sets induces a probability distribution \(\mathfrak I(n,D,p)\) on the set of all monomial ideals in the ring \(R\). In the paper the asymptotic behavior of \(\mathfrak I\sim \mathfrak I(n,D,p)\) refers to the case where \(n\) is fixed, \(D \rightarrow \infty\), and \(p = p(D)\) is a function of \(D\). Let \[ Z(n,D)=\#\left\{\alpha\in\mathbb Z_{\ge 0}^n: \prod_{i=1}^n(\alpha_i+1)\le d\right\}. \] The authors prove the following result in Theorem 1.1 of the paper. In order to prove this they relate the value of \(Z(n,d)\) with the summatory higher-order divisor function in classical multiplicative number theory. Theorem: Let \(\mathfrak I\sim \mathfrak I(n,D,p)\), and suppose \(p=D^{-k}\) for \(k\in (0, n)\), with \(k\) not an integer. Let \(s = \lfloor k\rfloor\). Then there exist constants \(C_1\), \(C_2 > 0\) such that asymptotically almost surely as \(D\rightarrow\infty\), \begin{itemize} \item[1.] \(Z(n-s, D^{k-s-\epsilon})<\deg(\mathfrak I)<Z(n-s, D^{k-s+\epsilon})\), and \item[2.] \(C_1D^{k-s-\epsilon}(\log D)^{n-1}<\deg(\mathfrak I)<C_2D^{k-s+\epsilon}(\log D)^{n-1}\) \end{itemize} Let \(I\) be a monomial ideal. An admissible pair of \(I\) is a pair \((x^{\alpha}, S)\), for \(x^{\alpha}\) a monomial of \(\mathbb K[x_1,\ldots , x_n]\) and \(S \subseteq \{x_1,\ldots , x_n\}\), such that \(\mathrm{supp}(x^{\alpha})\cap S = \emptyset\) and every monomial in \(x^{\alpha}\cdot\mathbb K[S]\) is a standard monomial of \(I\) . An admissible pair is called a standard pair if it is minimal with respect to the partial order given by \((x^{\alpha}, S)\le (x^{\beta}, T)\) if \(x^{\alpha}\) divides \(x^{\beta}\) and \(\mathrm{supp}(x^{\beta-\alpha})\cup T\subseteq S\). Among other results, in Theorem 1.3 of the paper the authors probabilistically bound the number of standard pairs \((x^{\alpha}, S)\) of a random monomial ideal for each \(S \subseteq \{x_1,\ldots , x_n\}\): Theorem: Fix \(S\) a proper subset of the variables \(\{x_1,\ldots, x_n\}\), let \(s = \#S\), and let \(\mathfrak I\sim \mathfrak I(n,D,p)\), where \(p = D^{-k} , k \in (s, n)\). Then there exists a constant \(C > 0\) such that asymptotically almost surely as \(D\rightarrow\infty\), \[ CZ(n-s, D^{k-s-\epsilon})< \#\{\text{standard pairs \((x^{\alpha}, S)\) of \(\mathfrak I\)}\}<Z(n-s, D^{k-s-1+\epsilon}). \]











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