Stability of systems governed by elliptic partial differential equations

Bessel and Airy functions, cylinder functions, ({}_0F_1) (33C10) Variational methods for second-order elliptic equations (35J20) Boundary value problems for second-order elliptic equations (35J25) Quasilinear elliptic equations with (p)-Laplacian (35J92) Optimality conditions for problems involving partial differential equations (49K20) Sensitivity, stability, well-posedness (49K40) Abstract critical point theory (Morse theory, Lyusternik-Shnirel'man theory, etc.) in infinite-dimensional spaces (58E05) Iterative numerical methods for linear systems (65F10) Multigrid methods; domain decomposition for boundary value problems involving PDEs (65N55)

Review text

The author considers the coupled system \(f_{y}(t,s)=f_{tt}(t,s)+cf(t,s)\), \( 0<t<1\), \(s>0\), \(g_{ss}(t,s)=g_{tt(}t,s)+2dg_{s}(t,s)\), \(1<t<2\), \(s>0\), with the boundary conditions \(f(0,s)=g(2,s)=0\), \(s>0\), \( f(1,s)=qg_{s}(1,s)+Y_{1}(s)\), \(g_{t}(1,s)=rf_{t}(1,s)+Y_{2}(s)\), \(s>0\), and the initial conditions \(f(t,0)=f_{0}(t)\), \(g(t,0)=g_{0}(t)\), \( g_{s}(t,0)=g_{1}(t)\), where \(q\), \(r\neq 0\), \(c\),\(d>0\), \(f_{0},g_{0},g_{1}\) are initial data, \(Y_{1}\) and \(Y_{2}\) optimal controls forced on the heat and wave respectively, and \(f\) state of the heat equation. The author rewrites this system first introducing \(\omega (t,s)=g(2-t,s)\), then in terms of the kernel functions \(\tau _{1}\), \(\tau _{2}\) and \(\tau _{3}\) solutions to: \(-\tau _{1\eta \eta }+\tau _{1xx}=c\tau _{1}\), \(\frac{d}{dt} (\tau _{1}(t,t))=-\frac{c}{2}\), \(\tau _{1}(t,0)=0\), \(\tau _{2tt}-\tau _{2\eta \eta }-2\varrho \tau _{3\eta \eta }=\delta ^{2}\tau _{2}\), \(\tau _{3tt}-\tau _{3\eta \eta }=2\varrho \tau _{2}+(\delta ^{2}+4\varrho d)\tau _{3}\), \(\tau _{2}(t,t)=\sinh \varrho t(\varrho +d)+t\cosh \varrho t(\frac{ \varrho ^{2}}{2}-\frac{\delta ^{2}}{2}-\varrho d)\), \(\tau _{2}(t,0)=0\), \( \tau _{3}(t,t)=-\sinh \varrho t\), \(\tau _{3}(t,0)=0\), where \(\varrho =d+\delta \). The first main result of the paper proves the existence of a unique solution \((\tau _{2}(t,\eta ),\tau _{3}(t,\eta ))\in C^{2}(\Gamma _{1})\) to the preceding system, which is globally exponentially stable. Here \(\Gamma _{1}=\{(t,\eta ):0\leq t\leq 1\), \(0\leq \eta \leq t\}\). The author uses the Galerkin approximation method. He observes that \(\tau _{1}\) may be explicitly computed in terms of a modified Bessel function and introducing \(\zeta =\eta +t\), \(\theta =t-\eta \) and \(\tau _{2}(t,\eta )= \mathcal{H}(\zeta ,\theta )\), \(\tau _{3}(t,\eta )=\mathcal{G}(\zeta ,\theta ) \), he writes the equations satisfied by \(\mathcal{H}\) and \(\mathcal{G}\) and draws computations leading to estimates on the approximations \(\mathcal{H} ^{n}\) and \(\mathcal{G}^{n}\). Then the author analyzes the eigenvalues of some operator \(\mathcal{T}\) associated to this last system. The second main result proves that if the operator \(\mathcal{T}\) generates a \(C^{0}\) -semigroup in some appropriate Hilbert space, the original system is also globally well-posed and has an optimal control. In the last part of his paper, the author describes two examples where he computes the eigenvalues of the operator \(\mathcal{T}\), thus proving that the corresponding systems are globally well-posed and exponentially stable.

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