Longitudinal modeling of age-dependent latent traits with generalized additive latent and mixed models

DOI10.1007/S11336-023-09910-ZzbMATH Open1517.62096arXiv2105.02488OpenAlexW3158847767MaRDI QIDQ6175686FDOQ6175686

Authors: Øystein Sørensen, Anders M. Fjell, Kristine B. Walhovd 

Publication date: 24 July 2023

Published in: Psychometrika (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We present generalized additive latent and mixed models (GALAMMs) for analysis of clustered data with responses and latent variables depending smoothly on observed variables. A scalable maximum likelihood estimation algorithm is proposed, utilizing the Laplace approximation, sparse matrix computation, and automatic differentiation. Mixed response types, heteroscedasticity, and crossed random effects are naturally incorporated into the framework. The models developed were motivated by applications in cognitive neuroscience, and two case studies are presented. First, we show how GALAMMs can jointly model the complex lifespan trajectories of episodic memory, working memory, and speed/executive function, measured by the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), digit span tests, and Stroop tests, respectively. Next, we study the effect of socioeconomic status on brain structure, using data on education and income together with hippocampal volumes estimated by magnetic resonance imaging. By combining semiparametric estimation with latent variable modeling, GALAMMs allow a more realistic representation of how brain and cognition vary across the lifespan, while simultaneously estimating latent traits from measured items. Simulation experiments suggest that model estimates are accurate even with moderate sample sizes.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.02488

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zbMATH Keywords

generalized additive mixed modelslatent variable modelingbrain and cognitionlifespan trajectoriesmixed response

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Computational methods for problems pertaining to statistics (62-08) Nonparametric regression and quantile regression (62G08) Generalized linear models (logistic models) (62J12) Applications of statistics to psychology (62P15) Cognitive psychology (91E10)

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• Latent Class Models for Longitudinal Studies of the Elderly with Data Missing at Random

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