Coherence, superposition, and Löwdin symmetric orthogonalization

DOI10.1088/1751-8121/ACEC20arXiv2209.03746OpenAlexW4385408670MaRDI QIDQ6178532FDOQ6178532

Authors:

Publication date: 4 September 2023

Published in: Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The notions of coherence and superposition are conceptually the same; however, an important distinction exists between their resource-theoretic formulations. Namely, while basis states are orthogonal in the resource theory of coherence, they are not necessarily orthogonal in the resource theory of superposition. Owing to the nonorthogonality, the manipulation and characterization of superposition states require significant efforts. Here, we demonstrate that the L"{o}wdin symmetric orthogonalization (LSO) method offers a useful means for characterizing pure superposition states. The principal property of LSO is that the structure and symmetry of the original nonorthogonal basis states are preserved to the greatest extent possible, which prompts us to study the role of LSO in identifying the hierarchical relations of resource states. Notably, we reveal that the maximally coherent states turn into the states with maximal superposition with the help of LSO: in other words, they are equivalent under the action of symmetric orthogonalization. Our results facilitate further connections between coherence and superposition, where LSO is the main tool.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.03746

zbMATH Keywords

coherencesuperpositiongolden statesLöwdin symmetric orthogonalizationmaximally resourceful states

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45) Quantum coherence, entanglement, quantum correlations (81P40) Coherent states (81R30) Phase-space methods including Wigner distributions, etc. applied to problems in quantum mechanics (81S30) Phase transitions (general) in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B26)

Cites Work

• Quantum entanglement
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• (Quantumness in the context of) resource theories
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• The resource theory of informational nonequilibrium in thermodynamics
• Coherence of superposition states
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• A unified view of the orthogonalization methods
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• Quantifying the imaginarity of quantum mechanics
• Orthogonalization Procedures and the Localization of Wannier Functions
• Maximal Orthogonal Orbitals

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