Coherence, superposition, and Löwdin symmetric orthogonalization

DOI10.1088/1751-8121/ACEC20MaRDI QIDQ6178532OpenAlexFDO

Authors

Publication date 4 September 2023

Published in Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.03746

zbMATH Keywords

coherencesuperpositiongolden statesLöwdin symmetric orthogonalizationmaximally resourceful states

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45) Quantum coherence, entanglement, quantum correlations (81P40) Coherent states (81R30) Phase-space methods including Wigner distributions, etc. applied to problems in quantum mechanics (81S30) Phase transitions (general) in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B26)

Abstract: The notions of coherence and superposition are conceptually the same; however, an important distinction exists between their resource-theoretic formulations. Namely, while basis states are orthogonal in the resource theory of coherence, they are not necessarily orthogonal in the resource theory of superposition. Owing to the nonorthogonality, the manipulation and characterization of superposition states require significant efforts. Here, we demonstrate that the L"{o}wdin symmetric orthogonalization (LSO) method offers a useful means for characterizing pure superposition states. The principal property of LSO is that the structure and symmetry of the original nonorthogonal basis states are preserved to the greatest extent possible, which prompts us to study the role of LSO in identifying the hierarchical relations of resource states. Notably, we reveal that the maximally coherent states turn into the states with maximal superposition with the help of LSO: in other words, they are equivalent under the action of symmetric orthogonalization. Our results facilitate further connections between coherence and superposition, where LSO is the main tool.

Recommendations

• Coherence of superposition states
• The number of terms in the superpositions upper bounds the amount of the coherence change
• Wave-particle duality employing quantum coherence in superposition with non-orthogonal pointers
• Character of superposed states under deterministic LOCC
• Superadditivity relations of the \(l_1\) norm of coherence

Cites work

• (Quantumness in the context of) resource theories
• A mathematical theory of resources
• A unified view of the orthogonalization methods
• Coherence of superposition states
• Genuine quantum coherence
• Maximal Orthogonal Orbitals
• Orthogonalization Procedures and the Localization of Wannier Functions
• Quantifying the imaginarity of quantum mechanics
• Quantum entanglement
• The extraction of work from quantum coherence
• The resource theory of informational nonequilibrium in thermodynamics
• The role of quantum information in thermodynamics—a topical review

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