Entrywise limit theorems for eigenvectors of signal-plus-noise matrix models with weak signals

DOI10.3150/23-BEJ1602MaRDI QIDQ6178566zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Fangzheng Xie

Publication date 16 January 2024

Published in Bernoulli (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.09840

zbMATH Keywords

Berry-Esseen theorementrywise eigenvector analysisrandom dot product graphssignal-plus-noise matrix modelsymmetric noisy matrix completion

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Multivariate analysis (62Hxx) Basic linear algebra (15Axx) Graph theory (05Cxx)

Abstract: We establish a finite-sample Berry-Esseen theorem for the entrywise limits of the eigenvectors for a broad collection of signal-plus-noise random matrix models under challenging weak signal regimes. The signal strength is characterized by a scaling factor $h{o}_n$ through $nh{o}_n$, where $n$ is the dimension of the random matrix, and we allow $nh{o}_n$ to grow at the rate of $logn$. The key technical contribution is a sharp finite-sample entrywise eigenvector perturbation bound. The existing error bounds on the two-to-infinity norms of the higher-order remainders are not sufficient when $nh{o}_n$ is proportional to $logn$. We apply the general entrywise eigenvector analysis results to the symmetric noisy matrix completion problem, random dot product graphs, and two subsequent inference tasks for random graphs: the estimation of pure nodes in mixed membership stochastic block models and the hypothesis testing of the equality of latent positions in random graphs.

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