Isomorphisms of quadratic quasigroups

Publication date 22 December 2023

Abstract: Let

m a t h b b F

be a finite field of odd order and

a, b i n m a t h b b F s e t m i n u s 0, 1

be such that

c h i (a) = c h i (b)

and

c h i (1 - a) = c h i (1 - b)

, where

c h i

is the quadratic character. Let

Q_{a, b}

be the quasigroup upon

m a t h b b F

defined by

(x, y) m a p s t o x + a (y - x)

if

c h i (y - x) g e 0

, and

(x, y) m a p s t o x + b (y - x)

if

c h i (y - x) = - 1

. We show that

Q_{a, b} c o n g Q_{c, d}

if and only if

a, b = a l p h a (c), a l p h a (d)

for some

a l p h a i n e x t r m a u t (m a t h b b F)

. We also characterise

e x t r m a u t (Q_{a, b})

and exhibit further properties, including establishing when

Q_{a, b}

is a Steiner quasigroup or is commutative, medial, left or right distributive, flexible or semisymmetric.

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