A free boundary problem for the p-Laplacian with nonlinear boundary conditions

DOI10.1007/S10231-023-01350-XMaRDI QIDQ6186419zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Paolo Acampora, Emanuele Cristoforoni

Publication date 9 January 2024

Published in Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata. Serie Quarta (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.10331

zbMATH Keywords

\(p\)-Laplacian free boundary nonlinear Robin

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Variational methods applied to PDEs (35A15) Nonlinear boundary value problems for nonlinear elliptic equations (35J66) Quasilinear elliptic equations with (p)-Laplacian (35J92) Free boundary problems for PDEs (35R35)

Abstract: We study a nonlinear generalization of a free boundary problem that arises in the context of thermal insulation. We consider two open sets

O m e g a s u b s e t e q A

, and we search for an optimal

A

in order to minimize a non-linear energy functional, whose minimizers

u

satisfy the following conditions:

D e l t a_{p} u = 0

inside

A s e t m i n u s O m e g a

,

u = 1

in

O m e g a

, and a nonlinear Robin-like boundary

(p, q)

-condition on the free boundary

p a r t i a l A

. We study the variational formulation of the problem in SBV, and we prove that, under suitable conditions on the exponents

p

and

q

, a minimizer exists and its jump set satisfies uniform density estimates.

Review text

The free boundary problem the authors consider is the minimization of the functional \[ F(A,v)=\int_A|\nabla v|^2\,dx+\beta\int_{\partial A}v^2\,d\mathcal{H}^{n-1}+C_0|A| \] among \(v\in H^1(A)\) with \(v=1\) on \(\Omega\), where \(\Omega\) is a fixed set in \(\mathbb{R}^n\) and \(\Omega\subset A\). The positive constants \(\beta,C_0\) are fixed and set \(A\) has also to be determined, so that \(\partial A\) is the free boundary. This problem arises in the context of thermal insulation, where \(\Omega\) is a conducting body and \(A\setminus\Omega\) the insulating layer around \(\Omega\). The constant \(C_0\) represents the cost of the insulating material, while \(\beta\) is the conductivity of the insulating material. The main goal is the existence of a solution and its regularity. More general formulations are also considered, where the set \(A\) can be less regular; in this case a formulation in the space \(\mathrm{SBV}(\mathbb{R}^n)\) has to be used, in order to have the boundary integral well defined. The paper also considers the generalization to nonlinear cases, where the bulk term involves \(|\nabla v|^p\) and the boundary term \(|v|^q\), with fixed exponents \(p,q>1\). The main results are Theorem 1.1 and Theorem 1.2 where, under some assumptions on \(p,q\), the authors prove the existence of a solution \(u\) that satisfies \(u\ge\delta\) for a suitable \(\delta>0\). A mild regularity of the optimal shape of the insulator \(A\) is also provided.

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