On rank in algebraic closure

Abstract: Let

m a t h b f k

be a field and

Q i n m a t h b f k [x_{1}, l d o t s, x_{s}]

a form (homogeneous polynomial) of degree

d > 1.

The

m a t h b f k

-Schmidt rank

r k_{m a t h b f k} (Q)

of

Q

is the minimal

r

such that

Q = s u m_{i = 1}^{r} R_{i} S_{i}

with

R_{i}, S_{i} i n m a t h b f k [x_{1}, l d o t s, x_{s}]

forms of degree

< d

. When

m a t h b f k

is algebraically closed, this rank is essentially equivalent to the codimension in

{m a t h b f k}^{s}

of the singular locus of the variety defined by

Q,

known also as the Birch rank of

Q .

When

m a t h b f k

is a number field, a finite field or a function field, we give polynomial bounds for

r k_{m a t h b f k} (Q)

in terms of

where

is the algebraic closure of

m a t h b f k .

Prior to this work no such bound (even ineffective) was known for

d > 4

. This result has immediate consequences for counting integer points (when

m a t h b f k

is a number field) or prime points (when

m a t h b f k = m a t h b b Q

) of the variety

Q = 0

assuming

r k_{m a t h b f k} (Q)

is large.

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