Mobile disks in hyperbolic space and minimization of conformal capacity

DOI10.1553/ETNA_VOL60S1MaRDI QIDQ6186965zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Harri Hakula, M. M. S. Nasser, M. Vuorinen

Publication date 5 February 2024

Published in ETNA - Electronic Transactions on Numerical Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.00145, http://etna.mcs.kent.edu/volumes/2021-2030/vol60/abstract.php?vol=60&pages=1-19

zbMATH Keywords

hyperbolic geometrymultiply connected domainscapacity computation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

General theory of numerical methods in complex analysis (potential theory, etc.) (65E05) Capacity and harmonic measure in the complex plane (30C85) Potentials and capacity, harmonic measure, extremal length and related notions in two dimensions (31A15)

Abstract: For a fixed integer $m>2$ and $r_j>0,j=1,\mathrm{...},m,$ our focus is to study disjoint disks with hyperbolic radii $r_j$ and the set $E$ which is their union in the hyperbolic space, the unit disk equipped with the hyperbolic metric. Such a set is called a constellation of $m$ disks. The centers of the disks are not fixed and hence individual disks of the constellation are allowed to move under the constraints that they do not overlap and their hyperbolic radii remain invariant. Our main objective is to find computational lower bounds for the conformal capacity of this disk constellation. The capacity depends on the centers and radii in a very complicated way even in the simplest cases when $m=3$ or $m=4$. In the absence of analytic methods our work is based on numerical simulations using two different numerical methods, the boundary integral equation method and the $hp$-FEM method, resp. Our simulations combine capacity computation with minimization methods and produce extremal cases where the disks of the constellation are grouped next to each other. This resembles the behavior of animal colonies in arctic areas minimizing heat flow.

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