The Lavrentiev phenomenon in calculus of variations with differential forms

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Abstract: In this article we study convex non-autonomous variational problems with differential forms and corresponding function spaces. We introduce a general framework for constructing counterexamples to the Lavrentiev gap, which we apply to several models, including the double phase, borderline case of double phase potential, and variable exponent. The results for the borderline case of double phase potential provide new insights even for the scalar case, i.e., variational problems with 0-forms.


In the paper under review the authors study variational problems associated with the integral functionals of the form \[ \mathcal{F}_{\Phi,b}(\omega)\colon = \int_{\Omega}\Phi(x, |d\omega|)dV+\int_{\Omega} b \wedge d\omega\, , \] where \(\Omega\) is a bounded domain in \(\mathbb{R}^N\), \(\Phi \colon \Omega \times \overline{\mathbb{R}_+}\to\overline{\mathbb{R}_+}\) is a generalized Orlicz function, \(\omega\) a differential \(k\)-form, \(b \in L^{\Phi^\ast(\cdot)}(\Omega, \Lambda^{N-k-1})\) and \(dV=dx^1 \dots dx^N\). The focus of the paper is on the conditions separating the case with the energy gap from the regular case for the integrands with nonstandard growth and, in particular, for the variable exponent and double phase models.



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