The space of equidistant phylogenetic cactuses

DOI10.1007/S00026-023-00656-0MaRDI QIDQ6192063zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Katharina T. Huber, Vincent Moulton, Megan Owen, Andreas Spillner, Katherine St. John

Publication date 11 March 2024

Published in Annals of Combinatorics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.06115

zbMATH Keywords

phylogenetic networknetwork spacecombinatorial encodingCAT(0)-metric space

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Applications of graph theory (05C90) Problems related to evolution (92D15) Partial orders, general (06A06) Signed and weighted graphs (05C22) Polyhedral manifolds (52B70)

Abstract: We introduce and investigate the space of emph{equidistant} $X$-emph{cactuses}. These are rooted, arc weighted, phylogenetic networks with leaf set $X$, where $X$ is a finite set of species, and all leaves have the same distance from the root. The space contains as a subset the space of ultrametric trees on $X$ that was introduced by Gavryushkin and Drummond. We show that equidistant-cactus space is a CAT(0)-metric space which implies, for example, that there are unique geodesic paths between points. As a key step to proving this, we present a combinatorial result concerning emph{ranked} rooted $X$-cactuses. In particular, we show that such networks can be encoded in terms of a pairwise compatibility condition arising from a poset of collections of pairs of subsets of $X$ that satisfy certain set-theoretic properties. As a corollary, we also obtain an encoding of ranked, rooted $X$-trees in terms of partitions of $X$, which provides an alternative proof that the space of ultrametric trees on $X$ is CAT(0). As with spaces of phylogenetic trees, we expect that our results should provide the basis for and new directions in performing statistical analyses for collections of phylogenetic networks with arc lengths.

Recommendations

• Encoding and ordering X-cactuses
• Recognizing and realizing cactus metrics
• Convexity in tree spaces
• Geometry of the space of phylogenetic trees
• New Gromov-inspired metrics on phylogenetic tree space

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