Extended commonality of paths and cycles via Schur convexity

DOI10.1016/J.JCTB.2023.12.001MaRDI QIDQ6196155zbMATH OpenWikidataFDO

Authors Jang Soo Kim, Joonkyung Lee

Publication date 14 March 2024

Published in Journal of Combinatorial Theory. Series B (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.00977

zbMATH Keywords

Schur convexityRamsey multiplicitygraph homomorphism inequalities

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Random graphs (graph-theoretic aspects) (05C80) Extremal problems in graph theory (05C35) Coloring of graphs and hypergraphs (05C15)

Abstract: A graph $H$ is emph{common} if the number of monochromatic copies of $H$ in a 2-edge-colouring of the complete graph $K_n$ is asymptotically minimised by the random colouring, or equivalently, $t_H(W)+t_H(1-W)geq{2}^{1-e(H)}$ holds for every graphon $W:[0,1{]}^{2}ightarrow[0,1]$, where $t_H(.)$ denotes the homomorphism density of the graph $H$. Paths and cycles being common is one of the earliest cornerstones in extremal graph theory, due to Mulholland and Smith (1959), Goodman (1959), and Sidorenko (1989). We prove a graph homomorphism inequality that extends the commonality of paths and cycles. Namely, $t_H(W)+t_H(1-W)geq{t}_{K_2}(W{)}^{e(H)}+t_{K_2}(1-W{)}^{e(H)}$ whenever $H$ is a path or a cycle and $W:[0,1{]}^{2}ightarrowmathbbR$ is a bounded symmetric measurable function. This answers a question of Sidorenko from 1989, who proved a slightly weaker result for even-length paths to prove the commonality of odd cycles. Furthermore, it also settles a recent conjecture of Behague, Morrison, and Noel in a strong form, who asked if the inequality holds for graphons $W$ and odd cycles $H$. Our proof uses Schur convexity of complete homogeneous symmetric functions, which may be of independent interest.

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Cited in

(1)

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