q-supercongruences from Jackson's _8 _7 summation and Watson's _8 _7 transformation

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Publication:6201498



Abstract: q-Supercongruences modulo the fifth and sixth powers of a cyclotomic polynomial are very rare in the literature. In this paper, we establish some q-supercongruences modulo the fifth and sixth powers of a cyclotomic polynomial in terms of Jackson's 8phi7 summation, Watson's 8phi7 transformation, the creative microscoping method recently introduced by Guo and Zudilin, and the Chinese remainder theorem for coprime polynomials. More concretely, we give a q-analogue of a nice formula due to Long and Ramakrishna [Adv. Math. 290 (2016), 773--808] and two q-supercongruences involving double series.


Letting \([n]=\left(1-q^{n}\right) /(1-q)\) be the \(q\)-integer, \((a;q)_{n}\) the \(q\)-shifted factorial, and \(\Phi_{n}(q)\) the \(n\)-th cyclotomic polynomial, the paper proves the following supercongruence modulo \([n] \Phi_{n}(q)^{4}\), \[ \begin{aligned} \sum_{k=0}^{M}[6 k+1] \frac{\left(q ; q^{3}\right)_{k}^{6}}{\left(q^{3} ; q^{3}\right)_{k}^{6}} q^{3 k} \equiv & {[n] \frac{\left(q^{2} ; q^{3}\right)_{(n-1) / 3}^{3}}{\left(q^{3} ; q^{3}\right)_{(n-1) / 3}^{3}} } \\ & \times\left\{1+[n]^{2}\left(2-q^{n}\right) \sum_{j=1}^{(n-1) / 3}\left(\frac{q^{3 j-1}}{[3 j-1]^{2}}-\frac{q^{3 j}}{[3 j]^{2}}\right)\right\}, \end{aligned} \] where \(n\) is a positive integer such that \(n \equiv 1 \pmod 3\), and \(M=(n-1) / 3\) or \(n-1\). Analogously, the author establishes modulo \([n] \Phi_{n}(q)^{5}\) that \[ \sum_{k=0}^{M}[6 k+1] \frac{\left(q ; q^{3}\right)_{k}^{6}}{\left(q^{3} ; q^{3}\right)_{k}^{6}} q^{3 k} \equiv 5[2 n] \frac{\left(q^{2} ; q^{3}\right)_{(2 n-1) / 3}^{3}}{\left(q^{3} ; q^{3}\right)_{(2 n-1) / 3}^{3}} \] where \(n\) is a positive integer such that \(n \equiv 2 \pmod 3\), and \(M=(2 n-1) / 3\) or \(n-1\). Such results, related to the (D.2) supercongruence from \textit {L. van Hamme} [Lect. Notes Pure Appl. Math. 192, 223--236 (1997; Zbl 0895.11051)], are further generalized into two \(q\)-supercongruences involving double series. Beyond the Jackson's \({}_8\phi _7\) summation and the Watson's \({}_8\phi _7\) transformation illustrated in Vol. No. 96 of the \textit {Encyclopedia of Mathematics and its Applications} [Basic hypergeometric series. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (2004; Zbl 1129.33005)], the proofs employ two lemmas from \textit {H.-X. Ni} and \textit {L.-Y. Wang} [Rev. R. Acad. Cienc. Exactas Fís. Nat. Ser. A Mat., RACSAM 116, No. 1, Paper 30 (2022; Zbl 1480.11003)], the Chinese remainder theorem for coprime polynomials, the L'Hôpital rule, and the ``creative microscoping method introduced by \textit {V. J. W. Guo} and \textit {W. Zudilin} [Adv. Math. 346, 329--358 (2019; Zbl 1464.11028)].




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