Hall Lie algebras of toric monoid schemes

DOI10.1007/S00029-023-00913-3MaRDI QIDQ6201775zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Jaiung Jun, Matt Szczesny

Publication date 21 February 2024

Published in Selecta Mathematica. New Series (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.11302

zbMATH Keywords

Hall algebrainfinite-dimensional Lie algebraloop algebramonoid schemeskew shapeproto-abelianproto-exact

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Toric varieties, Newton polyhedra, Okounkov bodies (14M25) Combinatorial aspects of representation theory (05E10) Universal enveloping algebras of Lie algebras (16S30) Hopf algebras and their applications (16T05) (Co)homology theory in algebraic geometry (14F99) Combinatorial aspects of algebraic geometry (05E14) Geometry over the field with one element (14A23)

Abstract: We associate to a projective $n$-dimensional toric variety $X_{Delta}$ a pair of co-commutative (but generally non-commutative) Hopf algebras $H_X^{alpha},H_X^T$. These arise as Hall algebras of certain categories $Co{h}^{alpha}(X),Co{h}^T(X)$ of coherent sheaves on $X_{Delta}$ viewed as a monoid scheme - i.e. a scheme obtained by gluing together spectra of commutative monoids rather than rings. When $X_{Delta}$ is smooth, the category $Co{h}^T(X)$ has an explicit combinatorial description as sheaves whose restriction to each $mathbb{A}^n$ corresponding to a maximal cone $sigmainDelta$ is determined by an $n$-dimensional generalized skew shape. The (non-additive) categories $Co{h}^{alpha}(X),Co{h}^T(X)$ are treated via the formalism of proto-exact/proto-abelian categories developed by Dyckerhoff-Kapranov. The Hall algebras $H_X^{alpha},H_X^T$ are graded and connected, and so enveloping algebras $H_X^{alpha}simeqU{(}_X^{alpha})$, $H_X^{T}simeqU{(}_X^T)$, where the Lie algebras ${}_X^{alpha}{,}_X^T$ are spanned by the indecomposable coherent sheaves in their respective categories. We explicitly work out several examples, and in some cases are able to relate ${}_X^T$ to known Lie algebras. In particular, when $X=mathbb{P}^1$, ${}_X^T$ is isomorphic to a non-standard Borel in $mathfrak{gl}_2[t,t^{-1}]$. When $X$ is the second infinitesimal neighborhood of the origin inside $mathbb{A}^2$, ${}_X^T$ is isomorphic to a subalgebra of $mathfrak{gl}_2[t]$. We also consider the case $X=mathbb{P}^2$, where we give a basis for ${}_X^T$ by describing all indecomposable sheaves in $Co{h}^T(X)$.

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