The variance and correlations of the divisor function in F_q[T], and Hankel matrices

DOI10.1007/S40687-023-00418-7MaRDI QIDQ6202883zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Michael Yiasemides

Publication date 27 February 2024

Published in Research in the Mathematical Sciences (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.05959

zbMATH Keywords

variancecorrelationsfunction fieldsHankel matricesdivisor functionadditive characters

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Matrices over special rings (quaternions, finite fields, etc.) (15B33) Toeplitz, Cauchy, and related matrices (15B05) Other results on the distribution of values or the characterization of arithmetic functions (11N64) Other character sums and Gauss sums (11T24) Arithmetic theory of polynomial rings over finite fields (11T55) Distribution functions associated with additive and positive multiplicative functions (11N60)

Abstract: We prove an exact formula for the variance of the divisor function over short intervals in $mathcalA:=mathbb{F}_q[T]$, where $q$ is a prime power. A slight adaption of the proof allows us to obtain an exact formula for correlations of the form $d(A)d(A+B)$, where we average both $A$ and $B$ over certain intervals in $mathcalA$. We also consider correlations of the form $d(KQ+N)d(N)$, where $Q$ is prime and $K$ and $N$ are averaged over certain intervals. If $mathrmdegK<mathrmdegQ-1$, then these correlations appear in the off-diagonal terms for the fourth moment of Dirichlet $L$-functions. We consider the case $mathrmdegKgeqmathrmdegQ-1$ and obtain an exact formula for the correlations. Further, we demonstrate that $d(KQ+N)$ and $d(N)$ are uncorrelated for the given ranges of $K$ and $N$. Our approach to these problems is to use the orthogonality relations of additive characters on $mathbb{F}_q$ to translate the problems to ones involving the ranks of Hankel matrices over $mathbb{F}_q$. Most of the paper is dedicated to proving several results regarding the rank and kernel structure of these matrices, and thus demonstrating their number-theoretic properties. We briefly discuss extending our method to moments higher than the second (the variance) over intervals; to the $k$-th divisor function; and to correlations of the divisor function with applications to moments of Dirichlet $L$-functions in function fields.

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