Deriving robust noncontextuality inequalities from algebraic proofs of the Kochen–Specker theorem: the Peres–Mermin square
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Publication:6204466
DOI10.1088/1367-2630/AA9168arXiv1704.01153WikidataQ113824799 ScholiaQ113824799MaRDI QIDQ6204466FDOQ6204466
Authors: Robert W. Spekkens, Elie Wolfe 
Publication date: 28 March 2024
Published in: New Journal of Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)
Abstract: When a measurement is compatible with each of two other measurements that are incompatible with one another, these define distinct contexts for the given measurement. The Kochen-Specker theorem rules out models of quantum theory that satisfy a particular assumption of context-independence: that sharp measurements are assigned outcomes both deterministically and independently of their context. This notion of noncontextuality is not suited to a direct experimental test because realistic measurements always have some degree of unsharpness due to noise. However, a generalized notion of noncontextuality has been proposed that is applicable to any experimental procedure, including unsharp measurements, but also preparations as well, and for which a quantum no-go result still holds. According to this notion, the model need only specify a probability distribution over the outcomes of a measurement in a context-independent way, rather than specifying a particular outcome. It also implies novel constraints of context-independence for the representation of preparations. In this article, we describe a general technique for translating proofs of the Kochen-Specker theorem into inequality constraints on realistic experimental statistics, the violation of which witnesses the impossibility of a noncontextual model. We focus on algebraic state-independent proofs, using the Peres-Mermin square as our illustrative example. Our technique yields the necessary and sufficient conditions for a particular set of correlations (between the preparations and the measurements) to admit a noncontextual model. The inequalities thus derived are demonstrably robust to noise. We specify how experimental data must be processed in order to achieve a test of these inequalities. We also provide a criticism of prior proposals for experimental tests of noncontextuality based on the Peres-Mermin square.
Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.01153
Statistical mechanics, structure of matter (82-XX) Quantum theory (81-XX) Relativity and gravitational theory (83-XX)
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