Non-planarity of Markoff graphs p

DOI10.4171/CMH/566MaRDI QIDQ6204552zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Matthew De Courcy-Ireland

Publication date 28 March 2024

Published in Commentarii Mathematici Helvetici (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2105.12411

zbMATH Keywords

Euler characteristicplanar graphsexpander graphsgraph embeddingscubic surfacestotient functionMarkoff triples

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Graphs and linear algebra (matrices, eigenvalues, etc.) (05C50) Planar graphs; geometric and topological aspects of graph theory (05C10) Cubic and quartic Diophantine equations (11D25) Spectral theory; trace formulas (e.g., that of Selberg) (11F72) Dynamical systems over finite ground fields (37P25)

Abstract: We prove the non-planarity of a family of 3-regular graphs constructed from the solutions to the Markoff equation $x^2+y^2+z^2=xyz$ modulo prime numbers greater than 7. The proof uses Euler characteristic and an enumeration of the short cycles in these graphs. Non-planarity for large primes would follow assuming a spectral gap, which was the original motivation. For primes congruent to 1 modulo 4, or congruent to 1, 2, or 4 modulo 7, explicit constructions give an alternate proof of non-planarity.

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