Lyapunov inequalities for the periodic boundary value problem at higher eigenvalues

DOI10.1016/J.JMAA.2010.11.061MaRDI QIDQ624601zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Salvador Villegas, Antonio Cañada

Publication date 9 February 2011

Published in Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0911.1019

zbMATH Keywords

higher eigenvaluesLyapunov inequalityperiodic boundary value problemsresonancestability

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Linear boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations (34B05) Boundary eigenvalue problems for ordinary differential equations (34B09) Special ordinary differential equations (Mathieu, Hill, Bessel, etc.) (34B30)

Abstract: This paper is devoted to provide some new results on Lyapunov type inequalities for the periodic boundary value problem at higher eigenvalues. Our main result is derived from a detailed analysis on the number and distribution of zeros of nontrivial solutions and their first derivatives, together with the study of some special minimization problems, where the Lagrange multiplier Theorem plays a fundamental role. This allows to obtain the optimal constants. Our applications include the Hill's equation where we give some new conditions on its stability properties and also the study of periodic and nonlinear problems at resonance where we show some new conditions which allow to prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions.

Review text

The periodic and antiperiodic boundary value problems for the differential equation \[ u(x)+a(x)u(x)=0, \quad x\in(0,T),\tag{*} \] are studied, where \(a: \mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}\) belongs to the set \(L_T(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R})\) of all \(T\)-periodic functions such that \(\left.a\right|_{[0,T]}\in L^1(0,T)\). Let \(\lambda_n\) denote the eigenvalues for the equation \[ u(x)+\lambda u(x)=0, \] with periodic boundary conditions. It holds \(\lambda_0=0,\) \(\lambda_{2n-1}=\lambda_{2n}=(2n)^2\pi^2/T^2\), \(n\in\mathbb{N}\). Next, let \(\Lambda_n\) be the set of the functions \(a\in L_T(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R})\) satisfying \(\lambda_{2n-1}\leq a\) with the strict inequality on a set of positive measure and such that the periodic boundary value problem for (*) has a nonzero solution. An explicit expression is found for \(\inf_{a\in\Lambda_n}\|a\|_{L^1(0,T)}\) and it is shown that this infimum is not attained. Similarly, the antiperiodic boundary conditions are treated and an analogous result is obtained. Applications to the study of the stability properties of the Hill's equation are given and some new conditions which allow to prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions of nonlinear problems at resonance are presented.

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Cited in

(9)

• On Lyapunov inequality in stability theory for Hill's equation on time scales
• Turning points and eigenvalue problems
• Optimal control approach to stability criteria on Hill's equations
• A Lyapunov-type stability criterion using L^\alpha norms
• An applied mathematical excursion through Lyapunov inequalities, classical analysis and differential equations
• Lower bound for the eigenvalues of quasilinear Hill's equation
• A new Lyapunov stability criterion of periodic Camassa-Holm equations
• Lyapunov-type inequalities for certain higher order differential equations with anti-periodic boundary conditions
• Lyapunov inequalities for Neumann boundary conditions at higher eigenvalues

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