On invariant sets in Lagrangian graphs

DOI10.1007/S11425-010-4085-5MaRDI QIDQ625944zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Xiaojun Cui, Lei Zhao

Publication date 25 February 2011

Published in Science China. Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0911.5720

zbMATH Keywords

critical valueinvariant setLagrangian graph

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Symplectic manifolds (general theory) (53D05) Hamilton's equations (70H05)

Abstract: In this exposition, we show that a Hamiltonian is always constant on a compact invariant connected subset which lies in a Lagrangian graph provided that the Hamiltonian and the graph are smooth enough. We also provide some counterexamples for the case that the Hamiltonians are not smooth enough.

Review text

Let \(M\) be an \(n\)-dimensional manifold. A Lagrangian graph is a Lagrangian submanifold \(\Gamma\subset T^*M\) which is the graph of a 1-form \(\eta:M\to T^*M\), i.e. \(\Gamma= \{(x,\eta(x))\,|\,x\in M\}\). It is easy to check that the graph \(\Gamma\) is Lagrangian if and only if \(d\eta=0\). It is also known that if a Lagrangian graph \(\Gamma\) is invariant under the Hamiltonian flow \(\phi_H^t\) of a sufficiently regular function \(H:T^*M\to \mathbb{R}\), then \(H\) is constant on \(\Gamma\). In this paper, the authors deal with the case when just a compact invariant connected subset \(\Lambda\subseteq\Gamma\) of a Lagrangian graph \(\Gamma\) is invariant under the Hamiltonian flow \(\phi_H^t\). They prove that the Hamiltonian is constant on \(\Lambda\), provided that the Hamiltonian and the graph are sufficiently smooth. Some counterexamples are presented to show that if \(H\) is not smooth enough then it may be non-constant on some invariant subset \(\Lambda\) of a Lagrangian graph \(\Gamma\).

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Cites work

• A Critical Set with Nonnull Image has Large Hausdorff Dimension
• A function not constant on a connected set of critical points
• Analytic Extensions of Differentiable Functions Defined in Closed Sets
• Functions not Constant on Fractal Quasi-Arcs of Critical Points
• On the Hausdorff dimension of the mather quotient
• On the integrability of Tonelli Hamiltonians
• Regularity of \(C^ 1\) solutions of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation.
• The Zygmund Morse-Sard theorem
• Toward a Precise Smoothness Hypothesis in Sard's Theorem

Cited in

(6)

• Invariant graphs for forced systems
• A variational approach to the study of the existence of invariant Lagrangian graphs
• Uniqueness of invariant Lagrangian graphs in a homology or a cohomology class
• Invariant Lagrangian submanifolds of Lagrangian systems
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1036143 (Why is no real title available?)
• Weak Liouville-Arnol'd theorems and their implications

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