Nonlinear eigenvalue problems for generalized Painlev\'e equations

DOI10.1088/1751-8121/AB2BCCMaRDI QIDQ6316172arXivFDO

Authors Carl M. Bender, Javad Komijani, Qing-hai Wang

Publication date 25 March 2019

Published in arXiv

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/AB2BCC

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Painlevé-type functions (33E17) Painlevé and other special ordinary differential equations in the complex domain; classification, hierarchies (34M55) Singular perturbation problems for ordinary differential equations in the complex domain (complex WKB, turning points, steepest descent) (34M60)

arXiv classification

math-phmath.MPquant-ph

Abstract: Eigenvalue problems for linear differential equations, such as time-independent Schr"odinger equations, can be generalized to eigenvalue problems for nonlinear differential equations. In the nonlinear context a separatrix plays the role of an eigenfunction and the initial conditions that give rise to the separatrix play the role of eigenvalues. Previously studied examples of nonlinear differential equations that possess discrete eigenvalue spectra are the first-order equation $y^{\prime }(x)=cos[pixy(x)]$ and the first, second, and fourth Painlev'e transcendents. It is shown here that the differential equations for the first and second Painlev'e transcendents can be generalized to large classes of nonlinear differential equations, all of which have discrete eigenvalue spectra. The large-eigenvalue behavior is studied in detail, both analytically and numerically, and remarkable new features, such as hyperfine splitting of eigenvalues, are described quantitatively.

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