Categories of quantum walks

Publication date 28 March 2020

Special categories (18B99) Categories, functors in functional analysis (46M15) Quantum state spaces, operational and probabilistic concepts (81P16)

Abstract: We propose categories of

1

-dimensional and multi-dimensional quantum walks. In the categories, an object is a quantum walk, and a morphism is an intertwining operator between two quantum walks. The new framework enables us to discuss quantum walks in a unified way. The purposes of this paper are the following: (1) We reinterpret known results in our new framework. (2) We show several new theorems. For example, it is proved that every space-homogeneous time-periodic analytic quantum walk on

m a t h b b Z^{d}

has a limit distribution of velocity for every initial unit vector. Analyticity is a very weak condition. (3) We ask whether there exists a continuous-time quantum walk

(V^{(t)})_{t i n m a t h b b R}

which realizes a given discrete-time quantum walk

U

. Existence of

(V^{(t)})_{t i n m a t h b b R}

is equivalent to that of a

1

-parameter group of automorphisms

(V^{(t)})_{t i n m a t h b b R}

from the object

U

to

U

.

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