Stochastic behavior of outcome of Schur-Weyl duality measurement

arXiv2104.12635MaRDI QIDQ6366145FDOQ6366145

Shintarou Yanagida, Masahito Hayashi, Akihito Hora

Publication date: 26 April 2021

Abstract: We introduce and study a certain discrete probability distribution

P_{n, m, k, l}

having non-negative integer parameters

n, m, k, l

, motivated by the asymmetry problem in quantum information theory. Its analysis reveals the number of orthogonal vectors among permuted vectors of the tensor product of asymmetric and invariant vectors. The distribution is defined by irreducible decomposition of the tensor product

X i_{n, m | k, l}

of a certain asymmetric state and the Dicke state in the

o p e r a t o r n a m e S U (2)

-

m a t h f r a k S_{n}

-bimodule

(m a t h b b C^{2})^{o t i m e s n}

appearing in the classical Schur-Weyl duality. We derive several explicit formulas of the probability mass function

p (x) = p (x | n, m, k, l)

involving hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials via representation theoretic methods. Among them, Racah presentation is the most remarkable and useful formula, which expresses the pmf

p (x)

by a single Racah polynomial. We also derive a formula expressing the cumulative distribution function in terms of a terminating

_{4} F_{3}

-hypergeometric series. Using these explicit formulas, we study asymptotic behavior of

P_{n, m, k, l}

in two types of limit

n o i n f t y

. In the first limit, we fix

k

,

l

and

m / n

, and show that the asymptotic discrete distribution is the convolution of two binomial distributions. In the second limit, we fix

m / n

,

k / n

and

l / n

, and prove the central limit theorem of

P_{n, m, k, l}

, of which the limit normal distribution is derived by the three-term recurrence relation of

p (x)

coming from that of Racah polynomial. We also describe the asymptotic behavior of the expectation and the variance beyond the central limit theorem. Based on these asymptotic analysis, we discuss the degree of asymmetry of the tensor product state

X i_{n, m | k, l}

. In the appendix, we discuss

m a t h b f q

-analogue of the computations on

P_{n, m, k, l}

.

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