Markoff-Lagrange spectrum and extremal numbers

DOI10.1007/S11511-011-0065-ZzbMATH Open1257.11071arXiv0906.0611OpenAlexW2072229649MaRDI QIDQ642121FDOQ642121

Authors: Damien Roy 

Publication date: 25 October 2011

Published in: Acta Mathematica (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Let gamma denote the golden ratio. H. Davenport and W. M.Schmidt showed in 1969 that, for each non-quadratic irrational real number xi, there exists a constant c>0 with the property that, for arbitrarily large values of X, the inequalities |x_0| le X, |x_0*xi - x_1| le cX^{-1/gamma}, |x_0*xi^2 - x_2| le cX^{-1/gamma} admit no non-zero integer solution (x_0,x_1,x_2). Their result is best possible in the sense that, conversely, there are countably many non-quadratic irrational real numbers xi such that, for a larger value of c, the same inequalities admit a non-zero integer solution for each Xge 1. Such extremal numbers are transcendental and their set is stable under the action of GL_2(Z) by linear fractional transformations. In this paper, it is shown that there exists extremal numbers xi for which the Lagrange constant is 1/3, the largest possible value for a non-quadratic number, and that there is a natural bijection between the GL_2(Z)-equivalence classes of such numbers and the non-trivial solutions of Markoff's equation.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/0906.0611

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zbMATH Keywords

simultaneous approximationLagrange spectrumMarkoff spectrum

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Simultaneous homogeneous approximation, linear forms (11J13) Markov and Lagrange spectra and generalizations (11J06)

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Cited In (6)

• Book review of: Martin Aigner, Markov's theorem and 100 years of the uniqueness conjecture.
• Lagrange spectrum of a circle over the Eisensteinian field
• Multiplicative analogue of Markoff-Lagrange spectrum and Pisot numbers
• Measures of algebraic approximation to Markoff extremal numbers
• Diophantine approximation with sign constraints
• On a quantitative refinement of the Lagrange spectrum

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