Affine Dihedral Subgroups of Higher Dimensional Cubic Lattices \mathbb{Z}^n and Quasicrystallography

Authors N. Özdeş Koca, Mehmet Koca, Ramazan Koc, Amira Al-Maqbali

Publication date 17 February 2023

Three-dimensional polytopes (52B10) (n)-dimensional polytopes (52B11) Symmetry properties of polytopes (52B15)

Abstract: Quasicrystals described as the projections of higher dimensional cubic lattices, and the particular affine extensions of the dihedral group

I_{2} (h)

of order

2 h

,

h = 2 n

being the Coxeter number, as a subgroup of affine

B_{n}

offers a different perspective to

h

-fold symmetric quasicrystallography. Affine

I_{2} (h)

is constructed as the subgroup of the affine

B_{n}

, the symmetry of the cubic lattice

m a t h b b Z^{n}

. The infinite discrete group with local dihedral symmetry of order

2 h

operates on the concentric h-gons obtained by projecting the Voronoi cell of the cubic lattice with

2^{n}

vertices onto the Coxeter plane. Voronoi cells tile the space facet to facet, consequently, leading to the tilings of the Coxeter plane with some overlaps of the rhombic tiles. It is noted that the projected Voronoi cell is the overlap of

h

copy of the

h

-gons tiled with some rhombi and rotated by the angle

2 p i / h

. After a general discussion on the lattice

m a t h b b Z^{n}

with the affine symmetry

i l d e B_{n}

and its affine dihedral subgroup

i l d e I_{2} (h)

its projection onto the Coxeter plane has been worked out with some examples. The cubic lattices with affine symmetry

i l d e B_{n}

(n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

have been presented and shown that the projection of the lattice

B_{3}

leads to the hexagonal lattice, the projection of the lattice

B_{4}

describes the Ammann-Beenker quasicrystal lattice with 8-fold local symmetry and the projection of the lattice

B_{5}

describes a quasicrystal structure with local 10-fold symmetry with thick and thin rhombi. It is then straight forward to show that the projections of the cubic lattices with even higher dimensions onto the Coxeter plane may lead to the quasicrystal structures with 12-fold, 18-fold symmetries and so on.

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