Bounding the regularity of subschemes invariant under Pfaff fields on projective spaces
Let \(\mathbb{P}^{n}_{k}\) denote a projective space of dimension \(n\) over an algebrically closed field \(k\). If \(\Omega_{{\mathbb{P}}^{n}_{k}}^{s}\) is the sheaf of differential \(s\)-forms, where \(1 \leq s \leq n-1\), a Pfaff field \(\eta\) of rank \(s\) is a map \(\eta:\Omega_{{\mathbb{P}}^{n}_{k}}^{s} \to\mathcal{L}\) where \(\mathcal{L}\) is an invertible sheaf. A closed subscheme \(X\subset \mathbb{P}^{n}_{k}\) is invariant under \(\eta\) if \(\eta\) induces a Pfaff field \(\Omega_{X}^{s} \to\mathcal{L}_{\mid X}\) on \(X\). The closed scheme \(\mathcal{S}\) supported on the set of points where \(\eta\) is not surjective is the singular locus of \(\eta\). The most interesting case appears when \(\eta\) is obtained taking determinants of a Pfaff system, which can be seen as a distribution outside \(\mathcal{S}\). The main contribution of the paper under review (Theorem 3.1) states that if \(X\) is a connected reduced subscheme of pure dimension \(s>0\) which moreover is Cohen-Macaulay and subcanonical (for instance a complete intersection), and the singular locus of \(X\) has regularity bounded by the regularity of \(X\) minus \(2\), then \(h^{s}({\Omega}_{X}^{s})=1\). This theorem extends the results of the second author and \textit{S. Kleiman} in [Contemp. Math. 354, 57--67 (2004; Zbl 1065.37035)] for \(n>2\) and any \(s\). As application the authors study an \(X\) invariant by a Pfaff field of rank \(s\), obtaining bounds of regularity of \(X\) in terms of \(s\), regularity of the singular locus of \(X\) and degree of \(\mathcal{L}\) (Theorems 4.1 and 4.3) when the support of \(\mathcal{S}\) does not contain irreducible components of \(X\). The paper gives interesting results concerning the the Poincaré problem.
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