Invariant theory and the W₁+ algebra with negative integral central charge
Let \(\hat{\mathcal{D}}\) be the central extension of the Lie algebra of regular differential operators on the circle. The unique irreducible quotient of a vacuum module for \(\hat{\mathcal{D}}\) is a simple vertex algebra \(\mathcal{W}_{1+\infty,c}\), which has a nontrivial representation theory only in the case of \(\mathcal{W}_{1+\infty,n}\), \(n \in \mathbb{Z}\). For \(n \in \mathbb{N}\), \(\mathcal{W}_{1+\infty,n}\) is explicitly identified with the vertex algebra \(\mathcal{W}( \mathfrak{gl}_n)\) of central charge \(n\), and its irreducible modules are known and classified. The structure of \(\mathcal{W}_{1+\infty, -n}\) is more complicated - it has been realized as a vertex subalgebra of the vertex algebra \(V_n\) constructed from Weyl algebra \(W_n\), and some (large) classes of irreducible modules are known. Further structural understanding exists for \(\mathcal{W}_{1+ \infty, - 1}\), which is isomorphic to \(\mathcal{W}(\mathfrak{gl}_3)\) with central charge \(-2\), and its irreducible modules have been classified. However, in other cases the structure of \(\mathcal{W}_{1+\infty, -n}\) is not yet understood. The author proves the previously known conjecture that \(\mathcal{W}_{1+\infty, -n}\) has a minimal strong generating set consisting of \(n^2 + 2n\) elements. The result was obtained using free field realization of \(\mathcal{W}_{1+\infty, -n}\), as well as the deformed versions of Weyl's first and second fundamental theorems of invariant theory for the standard representation for \(\mathrm{GL}_n\). More precisely, the author shows that the vacuum module has a unique nontrivial singular vector of weight \((n+1)^2\), which generates the maximal proper submodule. This singular vector gives rise to the appropriate decoupling relations in \(\mathcal{W}_{1+\infty, -n}\), thus proving existence of the required minimal strong generating set. Using this result the author shows that the irreducible, admissible representations of \(\mathcal{W}_{1+\infty, -n}\) are all highest-weight representations, and are parameterized by a closed subvariety of \(\mathbb{C}^{n^2 + 2n}\).
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