Nonequilibrium thermodynamics at the microscale: work relations and the second law

DOI10.1016/J.PHYSA.2010.01.001MaRDI QIDQ647829zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Eliran Boksenbojm, Bram Wynants, Christopher Jarzynski

Publication date 19 November 2011

Published in (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1002.1230

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

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Abstract: For macroscopic systems, the second law of thermodynamics establishes an inequality between the amount of work performed on a system in contact with a thermal reservoir, and the change in its free energy. For microscopic systems, this result must be considered statistically, as fluctuations around average behavior become substantial. In recent years it has become recognized that these fluctuations satisfy a number of strong and unexpected relations, which remain valid even when the system is driven far from equilibrium. We discuss these relations, and consider what they reveal about the second law of thermodynamics and the nature of irreversibility at the microscale.

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