On the irrationality exponent of the number 2
Für \(\alpha\in\mathbb{R}\setminus\mathbb{Q}\) ist der Irrationalitätsexponent \(\mu(\alpha)\) definiert als Infimum aller \(\mu\in\mathbb{R}\), für die die Ungleichung \(|\alpha-p/q|\leq q^{-\mu}\) höchstens endlich viele Lösungen \((p,q)\in\mathbb{Z}\times\mathbb{N}\) besitzt. Während \(\mu(\alpha)\geq2\) für alle \(\alpha\in\mathbb{R}\setminus\mathbb{Q}\) gilt, kennt man den genauen Wert von \(\mu(\alpha)\) nur in seltenen Fällen, z.B. ist \(\mu(\alpha)=2\) für alle irrationalen \(\alpha\in\mathbb{R}\cap\overline{\mathbb{Q}}\) sowie \(\mu(e)=2\) bekannt. Seit Mitte der 1960er Jahre sind mit unterschiedlichen Methoden immer schärfere obere Abschätzungen für \(\mu(\ln 2)\) bewiesen worden. Der derzeitige Rekord \(\mu(\ln 2)\leq3,57455...\) stammt von \textit{R. Marcovecchio} [Acta Arith. 139, 147--184 (2009; Zbl 1197.11083)]. Er hat eine neue Methode zur Konstruktion rationaler Approximationen an \(\ln 2\) eingeführt, die uneigentliche komplexe Doppel\-integrale verwendet; seine genaue Auswertung der Nenner dieser Approximationen beruht auf der gruppentheoretischen Methode von Rhin und Viola. In der vorliegenden Arbeit beweist Verf. Marcovecchios Resultat neu, indem er seiner in [Math. Notes 59, No. 6, 625--636 (1996); translation from Mat. Zametki 59, No. 6, 865--880 (1996; Zbl 0888.11028)] für \(\zeta(3)\notin\mathbb{Q}\) entwickelten Schlussweise folgt. Der vorliegende Beweis kommt ohne Rhin-Viola-Methode aus; außerdem werden nur komplexe Integrale einer Variablen benutzt (Meijersche \(G\)-Funktionen), was einen deutlich vereinfachten Gebrauch der Sattelpunktmethode erlaubt.
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