A general method to find special functions that interpolate Appell polynomials, with examples

Bernoulli and Euler numbers and polynomials (11B68) Special sequences and polynomials (11B83) Gamma, beta and polygamma functions (33B15) Special integral transforms (Legendre, Hilbert, etc.) (44A15) Integral transforms of special functions (44A20)

Review text

An Appell sequence \(\{P_n(x)\}_{n=0}^\infty\) is defined formally by an exponential generating function of the form \N\[ \NG(x,t):=A(t)e^{xt}=\sum_{n=0}^\infty P_n(x)\frac{t^n}{n!}, \N\]\Nwhere \(x, t\) are indeterminates and \(A(t)\) is a formal power series. Obviously, \(P_n(x)\) is a polynomial of the form \N\[\NP_n(x)=A(0)x^n + \cdots. \N\]\NThus, the assumption \(A(0)\neq 0\) means that \(P_n(x)\) has degree \(n\).\N\NIn a series of recent papers [\textit{L. M. Navas} et al., J. Math. Anal. Appl. 459, No. 1, 419--436 (2018; Zbl 1434.11068); J. Math. Anal. Appl. 476, No. 2, 836--850 (2019; Zbl 1484.11088); J. Math. Anal. Appl. 493, No. 2, Article ID 124541, 18 p. (2021; Zbl 1455.30003)], the second author and his co-authors gave a method to build transcendental functions whose values at the negative integers are the Appell polynomials \(P_n(x)\), requiring only a few easy conditions on the function \(A(t)\). This method uses a slight modification of the Mellin transform of the generating function \(G(x, -t)\) and conditions on \(A(t)\) that ensure the integral defining the transform converges.\N\NHowever, although these conditions on \(A(t)\) are rather general, one of them requires that \(A(-t)\) be continuous on \([0,+\infty)\), thus excluding complex analytic functions \(A(-t)\) with singularities on \((0,+\infty)\); indeed, the Mellin transform does not converge in this case. The purpose of this paper is to extend these kinds of results by allowing the existence of isolated singularities (usually, a pole), and to give some additional examples.

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