-bounded orbits and minimal sets for generalized quasiperiodically forced circle maps

Dynamical systems involving maps of the circle (37E10) Rotation numbers and vectors (37E45) Forced motions for nonlinear problems in mechanics (70K40)

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This article studies generalized quasiperiodically forced circle maps \(f : \mathbb T^m\times\mathbb T^1 \to \mathbb T^m\times\mathbb T^1\), defined by the formula\N\[\Nf(\theta,x) = (\theta+\gamma, f_{\theta}(x)),\N\]\Nwhere \(\gamma\in \mathbb T^m\) has rationally independent coordinates, and \(f_\theta\) is a continuous circle map of degree one.\N\NDenote \(F\) a lift of \(f\) to \(\mathbb T^m\times \mathbb R\). The rotation set of such maps is defined as\N\[\N\rho(F) = \left\{\limsup_{n\to \infty}\frac{\pi_2(F^n(\theta,x))-x}{n} \mid (\theta,x)\in \mathbb T^m\times \mathbb R\right\}\subset\mathbb R.\N\]\NThis set is a closed interval (possibly reduced to a singleton). Finally, given \(\rho\in\mathbb R\), we will say that the orbit \(\{F_n(\theta, x)\}\) is \textit{\(\rho\)-bounded}, if there exists \(M > 0\) such that\N\[\N|\pi_2(F^n(\theta,x))-x-n\rho|\le M\quad \text{for all}\ n\ge 0.\N\]\NThe main theorem of the article is the following: \N\NTheorem. For each \(\rho\in\rho(F)\), there exists a minimal set \(\Gamma_\rho\) of \(f\) such that \(\{F_n(\theta, x)\}\) is a \(\rho\)-bounded orbit for each \((\theta,x)\in \pi^{-1}(\Gamma_\rho)\).\N\NThis result builds on the same result for the one-dimensional case, \(m=1\), see [\textit{T. Zhou} et al., Nonlinearity 35, No. 3, 1119--1130 (2022; Zbl 1490.37053)] and a weaker result in the general case, where the conclusion ``is a \(\rho\)-bounded orbit is replaced by the weaker one ``has rotation number \(\rho\), see [\textit{P. A. Glendinning} et al., Nonlinearity 22, No. 4, 835--854 (2009; Zbl 1158.37306)].

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