Balanced distribution-energy inequalities and related entropy bounds

DOI10.1215/00127094-1444305MaRDI QIDQ654875zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Michel Rumin

Publication date 23 December 2011

Published in Duke Mathematical Journal (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1008.1674

zbMATH Keywords

entropyLieb-Thirring inequalitieslog-Sobolev inequalitiesmixed statesspectral density

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Asymptotic distributions of eigenvalues in context of PDEs (35P20) Sobolev spaces and other spaces of ``smooth functions, embedding theorems, trace theorems (46E35) Riesz operators; eigenvalue distributions; approximation numbers, (s)-numbers, Kolmogorov numbers, entropy numbers, etc. of operators (47B06) Hermitian and normal operators (spectral measures, functional calculus, etc.) (47B15) Measures of information, entropy (94A17)

Abstract: Let $A$ be a self-adjoint operator acting over a space $X$ endowed with a partition. We give lower bounds on the energy of a mixed state $ho$ from its distribution in the partition and the spectral density of $A$. These bounds improve with the refinement of the partition, and generalize inequalities by Li-Yau and Lieb--Thirring for the Laplacian in $R^n$. They imply an uncertainty principle, giving a lower bound on the sum of the spatial entropy of $ho$, as seen from $X$, and some spectral entropy, with respect to its energy distribution. On $R^n$, this yields lower bounds on the sum of the entropy of the densities of $ho$ and its Fourier transform. A general log-Sobolev inequality is also shown. It holds on mixed states, without Markovian or positivity assumption on $A$.

Review text

In the paper under review, the author considers positive trace class operators \(\rho \) and selfadjoint operators \(A\) on \(\text{L}^2(X;V)\), for some measured space \(X\) and some separable Hilbert space \(V\). In this general framework, the author etablishes a lower bound on some \(A\)-dependent Dirichlet-like energy of \(\rho\) in terms of \(\rho\) and the spectral resolution of \(A\). This abstract inequality implies (and sometimes improves) many known inequalities: the Berezin-Li-Yau inequality, the Lieb-Thirring inequality, the log-Sobolev inequalities. A similar situation appeared in a previous work [``Spectral density and Sobolev inequalities for pure and mixed states, Geom. Funct. Anal. 20, No. 3, 817--844 (2010; Zbl 1218.58021)] of the author. Compared to this paper, the main novelty of the present one is the fact that the new inequality is ``balanced. This means that the inequality enjoys some invariance. This new feature allows the author to remove the nonnegativity assumption on \(A\) used in [loc. cit.]. The introduction gives a list of inequalities implied by the main result. As an illustrative example, the case of the Laplacian (as \(A\)) in \(X=\mathbb{R}^n\) is treated in many places in the paper. Reviewer's remarks. Alas, the text contains several ambiguities. For example, in the main theorem (Theorem 1.2), it would come in handy to have an explicit definition of ``the integral has a finite positive part (explaining at the same time the meaning of \(\mathcal {E}_A(\rho )\) which is a priori ill-defined since \(A\rho\) is not trace class). Still, in Theorem 1.2, the author comments on ``the integral involved below (appearing in (6)), but there are two integrals in (6). Of course, after some effort, the reader can reconstruct in all such cases the correct meaning. Nonetheless, the referee could have pointed out many of these ambiguities and encouraged the author to remove them. In any case, this paper contains a deep result that is able to explain many interesting inequalities.

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Cited in

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• A positive density analogue of the Lieb-Thirring inequality
• The nonlinear Schrödinger equation for orthonormal functions. II: Application to Lieb-Thirring inequalities
• The Lieb-Thirring inequality revisited
• Lieb-Thirring inequalities for wave functions vanishing on the diagonal set
• Lieb-Thirring constant on the sphere and on the torus
• Local exclusion and Lieb-Thirring inequalities for intermediate and fractional statistics
• On the Lieb-Thirring constant on the torus
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• Quantitative bounds versus existence of weakly coupled bound states for Schrödinger type operators
• On equivalence of super log Sobolev and Nash type inequalities
• Position-momentum uncertainty relations in the presence of quantum memory
• Hardy and Lieb-Thirring inequalities for anyons
• An entropic uncertainty principle for positive operator valued measures
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• Lieb-Thirring inequalities and other functional inequalities for orthonormal systems
• Eigenvalue bounds for Schrödinger operators with a homogeneous magnetic field
• Cwikel-Lieb-Rozenblum type inequalities for Hardy-Schrödinger operator
• On the number and sums of eigenvalues of Schrödinger-type operators with degenerate kinetic energy
• Lieb-Thirring inequalities on the spheres and SO(3)
• Semiclassical equivalence of two white dwarf models as ground states of the relativistic Hartree-Fock and Vlasov-Poisson energies
• Spectral density and Sobolev inequalities for pure and mixed states

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